A nurse assessing a client with diabetes insipidus would expect to find laboratory values of:

c. elevated temperature and signs of heart failure
(rationale- a hyperthyroid crisis results in marked manifestations of hyperthyroidism, with fever tachycardia, heart failure, shock, hyperthermia, agitation, N/V/D, delirium, and coma. Although exophthalmos may be present in the patient with Gravs' dz, it is not a significant factor in hyperthyroid crisis. Hoarsness and laryngeal stridor are characteristic of the tetany of hypoparathyroidism, and lethargy progressing to coma is characteristic of myxedema coma, a complication of hypothyroidism.

c. avoid eating foods such as soybeans, turnips, and rutabagas
(Rationale- when a patient has had a subtotal thyroidectomy, thyroid replacement therapy is not given, because exogenous hormone inhibits pituitary production of TSH and delays or prevents the restoration of thyroid tissue regeneration. However, the patient should avoid goitrogens, foods that inhibit thyroid, such as soybeans, turnips, rutabagas, and peanut skins. REgular exercise stimulates the thyroid gland and is encourage. Salt water gargles are used for dryness and irritation of the mouth and throat following radioactive iodine therapy.)

a. Polydispisa, polyuria, and weight loss"Symptoms of hyperglycemia include polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Metformin and sulfonylureas are commonly ordered medications.

Weight gain, tiredness, and bradycardia are symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Irritability, diaphoresis, and tachycardia are symptoms of hypoglycemia.

Symptoms of Crohn's disease include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.

C is correct, Signs and symptoms of DKA include manifestations of dehydration such as poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension. Early symptoms may include lethargy and weakness. As the patient becomes severely dehydrated, the skin becomes dry and loose, and the eyeballs become soft and sunken. Abdominal pain is another symptom of DKA that may be accompanied by anorexia and vomiting. Kussmaul respirations (i.e., rapid, deep breathing associated with dyspnea) are the body's attempt to reverse metabolic acidosis through the exhalation of excess carbon dioxide. Acetone is identified on the breath as a sweet, fruity odor. Laboratory findings include a blood glucose level greater than 250 mg/dL, arterial blood pH less than 7.30, serum bicarbonate level less than 15 mEq/L, and moderate to large ketone levels in the urine or blood ketones.

D. Frequent Urination

Polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss are cardinal signs of DM. Other signs include irritability, shortened attention span, lowered frustration tolerance, fatigue, dry skin, blurred vision, sores that are slow to heal, and flushed skin.

When taking a health history, the nurse screens for manifestations suggestive of diabetes type I. Which of the following manifestations are considered the primary manifestations of diabetes type I and would be most suggestive of diabetes type I and require follow-up investigation?

a. Excessive intake of calories, rapid weight gain, and difficulty losing weight
b. Poor circulation, wound healing, and leg ulcers,
c. Lack of energy, weight gain, and depression
d. An increase in three areas: thirst, intake of fluids, and hunger

A client's blood glucose level is 45 mg/dl. The nurse should be alert for which signs and symptoms?

a) Coma, anxiety, confusion, headache, and cool, moist skin
b) Kussmaul's respirations, dry skin, hypotension, and bradycardia
c) Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss
d) Polyuria, polydipsia, hypotension, and hypernatremia

Coma, anxiety, confusion, headache, and cool, moist skin

Explanation:
Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia (indicated by a blood glucose level of 45 mf/dl) include anxiety, restlessness, headache, irritability, confusion, diaphoresis, cool skin, tremors, coma, and seizures. Kussmaul's respirations, dry skin, hypotension, and bradycardia are signs of diabetic ketoacidosis. Excessive thirst, hunger, hypotension, and hypernatremia are symptoms of diabetes insipidus. Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss are classic signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

Which laboratory value is consistent with diabetes insipidus?

Which of the following tests is used to diagnose diabetes insipidus?

Which laboratory values should the nurse expect in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Which laboratory test is most important for the nurse to monitor to determine how effectively the client's diabetes is being managed?