Classify each of the following examples depending on which biological molecule it describes Quizlet

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Terms in this set (20)

Choose all of the items in the list that are composed of matter.

- air inside a balloon
- clouds in the sky
- ice on a pond

Match the subatomic particles with each statement that describes them.

Positively charged - protons
Negatively charged - electrons
No charge - neutrons
Outside the nucleus - electrons
Components of the nucleus - protons & neutrons
Have significant mass - protons & neutrons

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does a neutrally charged Carbon atom have?

Protons - 6
Neutrons - 6
Electrons - 6

How does Carbon-14 differ from Carbon-12?

Carbon-14 has two more neutrons than Carbon-12 does.

Complete the table by entering the correct number of protons and neutrons for each isotope.

Hydrogen-2: P - 1, N - 1
Carbon-12: P-6, N - 6
Carbon-14: P-6, N -8
Nitrogen-14: P - 7, N - 7
Oxygen-17: P - 8, N - 9

During photosynthesis, the cell forms C6H12O6 (glucose) and O2 (oxygen gas) by combining CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water).
Classify the molecules as reactants or products in the chemical reaction.

Reactants:
- carbon dioxide
- water

Products:
- glucose
- oxygen

what is the difference between an anion and a cation?

An anion has a negative charge whereas a cation has a positive charge

How many protons does an ion with 24 electrons and a charge of +3 contain?

27 protons

Which of the following describe a chemical bond?

- sharing of electrons between atoms
- interaction between ions with opposite charges

Classify each statement as applying to ionic bonds, covalent bonds, or both types of bonds.

Ionic Bonds:
- form between oppositely charged ions
- form after one atom donates an electron to another atom
- come apart when mixed with polar water molecules

Covalent Bonds:
- electrons are shared between atoms
- stay together in water
- found in biomolecules, such as proteins and DNA, that make up cells

Both:
- attraction based on the number of electrons in the outermost shells of elements involved

Determine whether each of the statements or molecules below refers to a polar bond or a nonpolar bond.

Polar Bonds:
- the bond between oxygen and hydrogen in water
- electrons are not equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond
- one atom has partial negative charge, and the other has a partial positive charge

Nonpolar Bonds:
- the bond between hydrogen atoms in diatomic hydrogen (H2)
- electrons are equally shared between atoms in a covalent bond

Which of the following scenarios is due to the high heat of vaporization of water?

Your skin feels cold after emerging from a swimming pool.

How does the specific heat of water influence biological systems?

A high specific heat enables organisms to resist temperature fluctuations.

What property of water molecules leads to the high surface tension of liquid water?

Formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

What is the typical pH of biological fluids in humans, such as blood and extracellular fluid?

7.4

A buffer is a substance that...

releases or accepts hydrogen ions to maintain pH

Why is carbon so prevalent in biological molecules, such as proteins?

- Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.
- Carbon-based molecules can take on a number of different shapes.
- Carbon can share electrons with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons.

If the solid form of most molecules is heavier than the liquid form, why does ice float?

The crystalline structure of ice is less dense than liquid water.

Which of the following examples illustrates how the property of ice floating on water supports life on Earth?

- Ice provides a habitat for land-dwelling arctic and antarctic animals
- Aquatic animals can survive when the surface of water freezes

Select the descriptions of the ways hydrocarbon skeleton structures may vary.

- presence of enclosed carbon atom rings
- branching of the carbon chain
- length of the carbon chain
- position of the carbon-carbon double bonds

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