Topic 2.1 The Silk Roads
LO: Explain the causes and effects of growth of networks of exchange after 1200.
| KC-3.1.I.A.i Improved commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes - including the Silk Roads - promoting the growth of powerful new trading cities. Examples of trading cities include Kashgar and Samarkand. |
KC-3.1.C.i The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies, including the caravanserai, forms of credit, and the development of money economies. Examples of these include bills of exchange, banking houses, and the use of paper money.
KC-3.3.I.B Demand for luxury goods increased in Afro-Eurasia. Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export; manufacture of iron and steel expanded in China.
Topic 2.2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World
LO: Explain the process of state building and decline in Eurasia over time.
| KC-3.2.I.B.iii Empires collapsed in different regions of the world and in some areas were replaced by new imperial states, including the Mongol khanates. |
LO: Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time.
| KC-3.1.I.E.i The expansion of empires—including the Mongols—facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into their conquerors’ economies and trade networks. |
LO: Explain the significance of the Mongol Empire in larger patterns of continuity and change.
Topic 2.2 Review
Topic 2.3 Exchange in the Indian Ocean
LO: Explain the causes of the growth of networks of exchange after 1200.
| KC-3.1.I.A.ii Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes, including the Indian Ocean, promoting the growth of powerful new trading cities. |
KC-3.1.I.C.ii The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by significant innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies, including the use of the compass, the astrolabe, and larger ship designs.
LO: Explain the effects of the growth of networks of exchange after 1200.
KC-3.2.II.A.iii Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers, including during Chinese maritime activity led by Ming Admiral Zheng He.
LO: Explain the role of environmental factors in the development of networks of exchange in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
| KC-3.1.II.A.i The expansion and intensification of long-distance trade routes often depended on environmental knowledge, including advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds. |
Topic 2.4 Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
LO: Explain the causes and effects of the growth of trans-Saharan trade.
| KC-3.1.II.A.ii The growth of interregional trade was encouraged by innovations in existing transportation technologies. Examples of technologies encouraging interregional trade include the camel saddle and caravans. |
KC-3.1.I.A.iv Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes, including the trans-Saharan trade network.
LO: Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time.
| KC-3.1.I.E.ii The expansion of empires—including Mali in West Africa–facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into the economies and trade networks. |
Topics 2.1, 2.3, and 2.4 Review
Topic 2.5 Cultural Consequences of Connectivity
LO: Explain the intellectual and cultural effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
| KC-3.1.III.D Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions, as well as scientific and technological innovations. Examples of diffusion of cultural traditions include the influence of Buddhism in East Asia, the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism into Southeast Asia, and the spread of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Examples of diffusion of scientific or technological innovations include gunpowder from China and paper from China. |
KC-3.3.II The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline and periods of increased urbanization, buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks.
KC-3.1.III.C As exchange networks intensified, an increasing number of travelers within Afro-Eurasia wrote about their travels. Examples of travelers include Ibn Battuta, Margery Kempe, and Marco Polo.
Topic 2.5 Review
Topic 2.6 Environmental Consequences of Connectivity
LO: Explain the environmental effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
Topic 2.6 Review
Topic 2.7 Comparison of Economic Exchange
LO: Explain the similarities and differences among various networks of exchange in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
| KC-3.1 A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to cultural, technological, and biological diffusion within and between various societies. |
KC-3.3 Changes in trade networks resulted from and stimulated increasing productive capacity, with important implications for social and gender structures and environmental processes.
Unit 2 Review