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Terms in this set (100)
The collective term for various diseases of the heart and blood vessels is ______ disease.
cardiovascular
Which of the following are types of blood vessels?
- veins
- arteries
- capillaries
What is the process by which arteries become hard and thickened due to buildup of cholesterol and other substances on their walls?
atherosclerosis
Coronary heart disease is sometimes called coronary ______ disease.
artery
Which of the following occurs when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, preventing the heart from getting enough blood?
myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for ______ in the United States.
both men and women
Signs of a heart attack may include discomfort in which of the following?
- Jaw
- Chest
The ______ system consists of the heart and blood vessels, which together move blood throughout the body.
cardiovascular
What is the process by which arteries become hard and stiff as a result of too much pressure?
atherosclerosis
Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis in the arteries that supply blood to the
heart
Intermittent pain or heaviness in the chest, and often in the arm or shoulder, caused by the heart muscle not receiving enough blood is called
angina.
What is the term for a blood clot that blocks an artery, which can lead to a heart attack?
coronary thrombosis
Classic heart attack symptoms are less likely to appear in
women.
An irregular heartbeat is called
arrhythmia.
True or false: Strokes are the leading cause of severe, long-term disability in the United States.
False
What is the type of stroke that occurs when an artery in the brain becomes blocked?
ischemic
Pain, heaviness, or tightness in the chest, and often in the arm or shoulder, caused by the heart muscle not receiving enough blood is called
angina.
A change in the normal pattern of the heartbeat is called
arrhythmia.
A ____________ is a blood clot that forms in a narrowed artery.
thrombus
Blocked blood flow to the brain results in a stroke, or
cerebrovascular accident.
Which of the following is sometimes called a "ministroke"?
transient ischemic attacks
Which type of stroke accounts for 87% of all strokes?
ischemic
Congestive heart failure occurs when
the heart is not pumping as well as it should.
A blood clot that develops in a narrowed artery is called a(n)
thrombus.
Which of the following can occur when heart valves do not function normally?
- Blood can leak backward between heart chambers.
- Blood does not flow through the heart smoothly.
Transient ischemic attacks result in
little to no tissue death.
During congestive heart failure, blood backs up in the
lungs.
Which of the following can cause heart valve disorders?
- congenital abnormalities
- aging-related processes
- rheumatic heart disease
What three health factors should be maintained at healthy levels to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease?
- blood pressure
- blood glucose
- total cholesterol
The leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease is ______ use.
tobacco
What are ways in which smoking can affect cardiovascular health?
Smoking can lead to blood clots in the coronary arteries.
What four behaviors have an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?
- eating a healthy diet
- avoiding tobacco
- maintaining a healthy BMI
- being physically active
Soy products can help lower
LDL.
Foods rich in ______ are helpful in lowering cholesterol.
fiber
Cigarette smokers' risk of heart disease is how much greater than that of nonsmokers?
two to four times
Exercise increases the level of ______ (good cholesterol) in the body.
HDL
Smoking contributes to the development of ______ by damaging the inner lining of the arteries.
atherosclerosis
Which of the following would be the best option for preventing cardiovascular disease?
a plant-based diet
Which of the following categories of food are rich in fiber?
- vegetables
- fruit
Healthy body composition is measured by
BMI.
Which of the following body shapes is most at risk for heart disease?
apple shape
Which of the following are ways that physical activity helps prevent cardiovascular disease?
- It reduces high blood pressure.
- It helps control diabetes.
- It helps maintain a healthy weight.
Blood _____________ refers to how hard blood pushes against the walls of the arteries.
pressure
When the heart relaxes between contractions, the ______ blood pressure is measured.
diastolic
Overweight and obesity can increase the
- seriousness of
cardiovascular disease.
- risk for cardiovascular disease.
Because it usually has no symptoms, hypertension is often called the
silent killer.
Overweight individuals can lessen their risk of cardiovascular disease by losing ______ of their total weight.
10% to 15%
Which of the following statements concerning racial factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are true?
- Factors other than genetics may play a role in the rates of CVD in different racial groups.
- The death rate from heart attack has declined less among minority groups and women.
- Mexican Americans have a higher risk of CVD than Whites.
Hypertension increases the risk of which of the following?
- kidney disease
- stroke
- heart attack
When the heart contracts, the ______ blood pressure is measured.
systolic
Which of the following are recommended for controlling hypertension?
- moderating alcohol intake
- physical activity
- weight reduction
Which of the following statements regarding hypertension is true?
Nearly one in three adults in the United States has hypertension.
True or false: Whites have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than other groups.
False
Regular screening for hypertension (high-blood pressure) is recommended for individuals over what age?
15
What is the name of the diet plan that is intended to lower high blood pressure?
DASH
Which of the following groups are prone to developing atherosclerosis at a younger age?
diabetics
LDLs, known as "bad" cholesterol, are clearly associated with which condition?
heart disease
HDL is the "good" cholesterol that provides protection from which disease?
cardiovascular disease
What is the recommended limit on sodium intake per day for people with hypertension?
1,500 mg
High triglyceride levels are associated with which of the following?
- excess body fat
- alcohol consumption
People with diabetes have higher levels of ______ in their blood, which can damage artery walls.
glucose
How is the amount of LDLs in the blood correlated with the presence of atherosclerosis?
The higher the level of LDLs, the higher the risk of atherosclerosis.
Studies have shown which of the following relationships between alcoholic intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
- A man who has a single drink a day may gain a protective effect against CVD.
- A man who has more than two drinks a day increases his risk of CVD.
- A woman who drinks but less than one full drink a day may gain a protective
effect against CVD.
Which of the following are ways that poverty increases people's risk for cardiovascular disease?
- by increasing stress
- by reducing access to health care
- by limiting access to food and shelter
HDL is capable of clearing cholesterol from cells and transporting it back to the ___________ for recycling.
liver
Health care providers are less likely to consider a diagnosis of heart disease in which gender?
women
High levels of ______ in the blood are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
triglycerides
True or false: The protective effect against heart disease associated with light consumption of alcoholic beverages appears to be linked to alcohol itself.
True
There is a direct link between ______ and cardiovascular disease.
poverty
According to new research, how does hormone replacement therapy affect a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease?
It does not affect the risk.
A primary reason that women have higher death rates from CVD than men is that
women are less likely to have symptoms and seek treatment.
Homocysteine is a(n) _____ that circulates in the blood and may damage the lining of blood vessels.
amino acid
What test evaluates how well the heart functions during strenuous activity?
an exercise stress test
What is a noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is unique to women?
being postmenopausal
Diets that are high in which of the following are associated with high blood levels of homocysteine, a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
meat
The technique in which a balloon catheter is inserted into an artery and then inflated to stretch it open is called
angioplasty.
All types of diabetes result in elevated levels of ______ in the blood.
glucose
What test uses ultrasound to visualize heart function?
an echocardiogram
Which of the following statements about Type-1 diabetes are true?
- It is caused by the destruction of insulin-producing cells.
- It can occur at any age.
How does being postmenopausal affect a woman's risk of heart attack and stroke?
increases it
During heart surgery, a coronary ______ is often placed in the blood vessel to keep it open.
stent
Long-term effects of diabetes include damage to
- kidneys.
- blood vessels.
- vision.
- nerves.
What test records the electrical activity of the beating heart?
electrocardiogram
Which of the following are risk factors for type-2 diabetes?
- abdominal fat
- age
- race
- physical inactivity
Type-1 diabetes is treated with
insulin.
What is the cause of gestational diabetes?
Hormonal changes affect how the body responds to insulin.
Patients are at high risk of developing diabetes if they have
- prediabetes.
- metabolic syndrome.
Gestational diabetes only affects
pregnant women.
Although the various chronic lung diseases have different causes and treatments, they are all characterized by
airway obstruction and shortness of breath.
True or false: In healthy lungs, tiny air sacs called alveoli expand when you breathe in and deflate when you breathe out.
True
The most common chronic lung condition is
asthma.
The two most common chronic lung diseases are
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- asthma.
Which of the following are symptoms of asthma?
- shortness of breath
- wheezing
- coughing
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops
over time as people experience cumulative damage to their airways.
Which of the following are parts of the lungs?
- bronchioles
- bronchi
- alveoli
What lifestyle decisions will help a person avoid chronic disease?
- Take care of mental health.
- Be physically active.
- Avoid being overweight.
- Eat a heart-healthy diet.
Over the last few decades, asthma rates have been
increasing.
What is the characteristic feature of asthma?
The lining of the airways is chronically inflamed and swollen.
The two components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are
- emphysema.
- chronic
bronchitis.
To avoid chronic disease, a person should maintain healthy levels of
- blood glucose.
- blood pressure.
- lipids.
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