This is a preview. Log in through your library. Show Abstract Neither technical inability nor population/resource imbalances prevented China from developing mechanized cotton-spinning. However, restrictions on the deployment of female labor outside the home, promulgated by Confucian ethics and enforced by the state as part of social control, prevented widespread adoption of machinery requiring extra-household use of female labor. Under such conditions--which did not obtain in Europe, where female wage labor had long been used for service outside of natal households--factory production could not compete with household production. Journal Information Sociological Perspectives, the official quarterly of the Pacific Sociological Association, was established in 1957 to advance research, theory, scholarship, and practice within sociology and related disciplines. The journal publishes articles that are of general interest to members of the discipline and that, as a result, allow for the further accumulation of knowledge about social processes. Additionally, Sociological Perspectives is also the only sociology journal in the world to provide foreign abstracts in Spanish, Japanese, and Chinese in every issue. Publisher Information Sara Miller McCune founded SAGE Publishing in 1965 to support the dissemination of usable knowledge and educate a global community. SAGE is a leading international provider of innovative, high-quality content publishing more than 900 journals and over 800 new books each year, spanning a wide range of subject areas. A growing selection of library products includes archives, data, case studies and video. SAGE remains majority owned by our founder and after her lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures the company’s continued independence. Principal offices are located in Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC and Melbourne. www.sagepublishing.com Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Women and Children during the Industrial RevolutionLife for Women and Children during the Industrial Revolution was quite different to the way they can live today. This page looks at some of the things that women and children were expected to do during the industrial revolution and provides source material to show what people thought of this at the time. Children during the Industrial Revolution.At the start of the Industrial Revolution there was little legislation about working conditions in mills, factories or or the industrial plants. As factories spread rapidly the owners of mills, mines and other forms of industry needed large numbers of workers. They didn’t want to have to pay them a high wage. Children were the ideal employees. They were cheap, weren’t big enough or educated enough to argue or complain and were small enough to fit between tight fitting machinery. Children soon ended up working in all types of industry. You may wonder why these children were not at school. This is simply because education in the early 19th century was not compulsory. Many schools were expensive to send a child to, so working class families couldn’t afford to send children there. Parents were quite willing to let children work in mills and factories as it provided the family with a higher income. One consequence of this was a high birth rate. While education had progressed much of it was similar to the school system outlined here. Nowadays lots of children have Saturday jobs or part time work after school. These jobs are carefully controlled and the government has made laws saying how long children can work for. It regulates the types of job they can and cannot do and what the minimum age for working is. Consider the evidence below to see how modern conditions compare with the working conditions of the early 19th century. There was no restriction on the age of workers, nor on the number of hours that they could work. This led to children as young as 8 or 9 being required to work 12 or more hours a day. Example: Felling Colliery DisasterThe records of the Felling Colliery disaster show that many of the victims of the explosion were children. Look at the chart below:
* Several children are recorded simply as being ‘a boy’. These children are not accounted for on the above table. The chart does not account for all types of employee at the colliery. 3. Alexander Gray, a pump boy aged 10 years old. Reported in 1842 Royal Commision into working conditions, said: “I pump out the water in the under bottom of the pit to keep the coal face dry. I am obliged to pump fast or the water would cover me. I had to run away a few weeks ago as the water came up so fast that I could not pump at all. The water frequently covers my legs. I have been two years at the pump. I am paid 10d (old pence) a day. No holiday but the Sabbath (Sunday). I go down at three, sometimes five in the morning, and come up at six or seven at night. Women during the Industrial RevolutionWomen faced different demands during the industrial age to those that they face today. Women of the working classes would usually be expected to go out to work, often in the mills or mines. As with the children and men the hours were long and conditions were hard. Some examples of work specifically done by Women can be found amongst the links at the foot of this page.  Those who were fortunate may have become maids for wealthier families, others may have worked as governesses for rich children. The less fortunate may have been forced to work in shocking conditions during the day and then have to return home to conduct the households domestic needs (Washing, Cookng and looking after children etc.) Remember that housing for many of these people was quite poor. Women also faced the added burden of societies demand for children. The industrial age led to a rapid increase in birth rates which clearly has an impact upon the physical strength of the mothers. It was not uncommon for families to have more than 10 children as a result of this demand: and the woman would often have to work right up to and straight after the day of the childs birth for finanical reasons, leaving the care of the new born child to older relatives. Links to sites offering greater detail on aspects of this topic. This section of the fabulous Spartacus Encyclopedia looks at the History of Women’s Emancipation (Freedom). Plenty of pages within this extensive unit covering a variety of aspects of life in the period 1750-1920. A Report into the conditions faced by women miners in 1812. The Matchgirls Strike. This page looks at the conditions faced by women working in the Match factory and shows how action was taken by a number of people to try and force reform on behalf of these women. An evaluation of the life of Women of the lower classes during the Industrial Revolution. this site also details the type of work done by middle classed and wealthier women at the time. British History – Industrial Revolution
How did women's status change during the Industrial Revolution?Industrialization brought new opportunities for employment, changing ideas of work, and economic cycles of boom and bust. During this period, women's roles changed dramatically. Industrialization redefined the role of women in the home, at the same time opening new opportunities for them as industrial wage earners.
What were women's roles in the Industrial Revolution?As well as the long hours and physical demands of factory labour, the domestic roles traditionally viewed as women's work continued – unpaid. Tasks such as cooking, cleaning and childcare still needed to be carried out. Perhaps unsurprisingly, few employers were understanding.
How did the Industrial Revolution change gender roles?Women in the working class, worked during the Industrial Revolution with lower wages than men and often times started working as children. Women during this time also had to be the caretaker of the house, so they might have worked all day and night to keep up their daily routine.
How did the Industrial Revolution change women's lives quizlet?More women started to work outside of their home. Some middle class women didn't have to work. These jobs that women got meant more freedom for them. Working-class women mostly worked in factories while Middle-class women would have occupations such as being a secretary, a teacher, etc.
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How did womens roles change as a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe
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