Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system stomach muscles by the

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Terms in this set (44)

If you accidentally touch a hot stove, what is responsible for moving your hand away before you even realize what you have done?

Interneuron

Hormones _________________________ released into the bloodstream.

chemical messengers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system calms a person down once a stressful event has passed?

The parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following endocrine glands may explain an unusually tall 12-year-old?

The pituitary gland

What system communicates with the pituitary, which in turn controls the endocrine system?

The hypothalamus

What division of the nervous system that enables a person to move the muscles necessary to walk down the street?

Somatic nervous system

Female sex hormones are released by the __________

ovaries.

The role of interneurons is to ____________

transmit and process information within the brain and spinal cord.

What is located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord?

Interneurons

As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming from this paper. Which type of neuron is carrying this message to the brain?

Sensory nurons

The body's speedy, electrochemical information system is called the __________

nervous system.

Nerves are neural cables containing many __________

axons.

For you to be able to run, ________ must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles.

moter neurons

For you to experience the pain of sprained ankle, ______________ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.

sensory neurons

Motor neurons are an important part of the _____________

peripheral nervous system.

The peripheral nervous system is to sensory neurons as the central nervous system is to

interneurons.

The somatic nervous system is a component of the ____________ nervous system.

peripheral

Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system's stomach muscles by

sympathetic nervous system.

When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily. Mr. Valdez's state of arousal was activated by his ________ nervous system.

sympathetic

An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heartbeat as the ________ nervous system is to the ________ nervous system.

sympathetic; parasympathetic

Stimulated digestion is to inhibited digestion as the ________ nervous system is to the ________ nervous system.

parasympathetic; sympathetic

While you are hiking in the mountains, a rattlesnake slithers across your trail. Which of the following triggers the "fight-or-flight" response, increasing your heart rate and blood pressure, as you run away?

sympathetic nervous system

Motor neurons are the _________ nervous system as interneurons are to the __________ nervous system.

peripheral; central

While relaxing in a lawn chair enjoying a cool drink, which of the following triggers the "rest-and-digest" response, as your heart rate slows and digestion begins?

parasympathetic nervous system

Information travels from the spinal cord to the brain via

interneurons.

A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a(n)

reflex

The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of

neural networks

Neural networks refer to

neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple

neural networks

People can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape, and size. This best illustrates the functioning of multiple

neural networks

The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the

spinal cord

After a car swerves in front of you on the highway, you notice that your heart is still racing, even though you know you are no longer in danger. Why do the physical symptoms of fear linger even after we cognitively realize the danger has passed?

Endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages.

Sheelah was able to jerk her hand out of the scalding water before sensing any pain because of what withdrawal reflex?

Her self-regulating autonomic nervous system.

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the

endocrine system.

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into

the bloodstream

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called

hormones

The ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the

endocrine system

At puberty, the hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH), causing the secretion of gonadotropoins by the pituitary gland. These hormones cause the ovaries to produce estrogen and testes to produce testosterone. As the levels of these hormones rise, they shut down the release of GnRH and the gonadotropins. This illustrates

feedback systems connecting the brain and endocrine systems.

Mandy came home late. As she reached to turn on the kitchen light, her hand brushed against something unexpected. Her adrenal glands, as a part of the "fight-or-flight" response, released epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increased her heart rate and blood pressure. Even after she realized it was just the curtain, her excited feelings lingered. This illustrates

that endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages.

The master gland of the endocrine system is the

pituitary gland.

At the age of 22, Mrs. Tamini was less than 4 ft tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of growth hormone produced by the

pituitary gland.

Which endocrine gland regulated body growth?

Pituitary

If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release ________ into your bloodstream.

epinephrine

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the

adrenal glands.

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What carry messages from the senses to the spinal cord?

How is the nervous system connected to the digestive system?

What organ sends and receives messages to?

What part of the brain controls the digestive system?