The theory of management that has evolved from the middle to the late 20th century focuses on

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  1. Social Science
  2. Sociology
  3. Management

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Terms in this set (15)

_____ focuses on the use of quantitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources to produce goods and services.

a. Management science theory
b. Administrative management theory
c. Contingency theory
d. Theory X
e. Theory Y

a. Management science theory

_____ refer(s) to specific sets of written instructions about how to perform a certain aspect of a task.

a. Norms
b. Standard operating procedures
c. A mission statement
d. Agenda
e. Goals

b. Standard operating procedures

Marian's Jewels has great unity of direction, which means it has ______

a. justice, impartiality, and fairness to which all organization members are entitled.
b. a concentration of authority at the top of the managerial hierarchy.
c. an organizational structure where authority is decentralized.
d. the singleness of purpose to guide managers and workers as they use organizational resources.
e. the power to hold people accountable for their actions.

d. the singleness of purpose to guide managers and workers as they use organizational resources.

Fred is a district manager. He reports to the regional manager, who in turn reports to the national sales manager. This demonstrates _____

a. the line of authority.
b. division of labor.
c. esprit de corps.
d. unity of direction.
e. centralization.

a. the line of authority.

Company ABC encourages its employees to exercise initiative in performing their jobs. When an employee told her manager she didn't feel the tasks she was assigned were really benefiting the organization, he asked her what she would do to improve the process. Which management theory does Company ABC demonstrate?

a. Management science theory
b. Administrative management theory
c. Contingency theory
d. Theory X
e. Theory Y

e. Theory Y

Time-and-motion study involves ___

a. how physical characteristics lead to fatigue and thus poor performance.
b. timing and recording the actions taken to perform a particular task.
c. classifying workers into distinct categories based on the average time taken to accomplish a particular task.
d. recording the number of motions workers make to complete a task.
e. rewarding workers when they perform at a high level of efficiency.

b. timing and recording the actions taken to perform a particular task.

Everyone looks forward to the annual company picnic, which gives them an opportunity to get to know others in the company but also to feel being a part of something bigger than themselves. This demonstrates which of Fayol's concepts?

a. unity of command
b. order
c. discipline
d. esprit de corps
e. equity

d. esprit de corps

Which management approach advocates that supervisors be behaviorally trained to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity?

a. organizational behavior theory
b. Theory X
c. Theory Y
d. behavioral management theory
e. the human relations movement

e. the human relations movement

_____ refers to the system of behavioral rules and norms that emerge in a company.

a. Informal organization
b. Organizational behavior
c. Bureaucracy
d. A scientific management system
e. Hierarchical organization

a. Informal organization

The principle of _____ specifies that an employee should receive orders from, and report to, only one superior.

a. line of authority
b. unity of command
c. decentralization
d. division of labor
e. entropy

b. unity of command

_____ are unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization.

a. Norms of engagement
b. Standard operating procedures
c. Initiatives
d. Rules
e. Norms

e. Norms

Maisie works in a factory that makes and packages dog food. Her only job is to check the weight of the boxes as they come off the assembly line. This is a form of job _____

a. centralization.
b. standard procedure.
c. effectiveness.
d. efficiency.
e. specialization.

e. specialization.

When Marcia wanted to fire an employee, she consulted the employee handbook to see what actions she should take. Marcia was referring to _____

a. rules.
b. norms.
c. orders.
d. behavior guidelines.
e. HR functions.

a. rules.

The theory of management that has evolved from the middle to the late 20th century focuses on _____

a. scientific management.
b. the organizational environment.
c. administrative management.
d. behavioral management.
e. management science.

b. the organizational environment.

Rashid works for an organization in which authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised. Which organizational structure does this describe?

a. informal
b. organic
c. flat
d. mechanistic
e. network

d. mechanistic

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What theory of management emerged during the 19th and 20th centuries?

Classical management theory was introduced in the late 19th century during the Industrial Revolution. At the time, managers were interested in findings ways to improve productivity, lower cost, increase quality of their products, improve employee/manager relationships and increase efficiency at their factories.

What was management in the 20th century?

Management in the 20th Century was about achieving a finite goal: delivering goods and services, to make money. Management in the 21st Century is about the infinite goal of delighting customers; the firm makes money, yes, but as a consequence of the delight that it creates for customers, not as the goal.

What are the theories of evolution of management?

Many studies indicated that Management theory evolved with "scientific" and "bureaucratic" management that used measurement, procedures and routines as the basis for operations. Firms developed hierarchies to apply standardized rules to the place of work and penalized labour for violating rules.

What is the focus of classical management theory?

The classical management theory emphasizes employees' physical needs over job satisfaction or social needs. This theory holds that these physical needs can be met through income and monetary incentives and uses the opportunity for wage increases to motivate employees.