What is the difference between adults who are considered athletes versus nonathletes in terms of physical aging quizlet?

Which of the following women is most susceptible to early menopause?

A) Jean, who smokes, doesn't have children, and lives in poverty
B) Ashley, who smokes, has three children, and is middle class
C) Lauren, who doesn't smoke, doesn't have children, and is middle class

Variety: Bella enjoys performing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activities. Depending on the weather, she also swims, jobs, and plays tennis for her cardiovascular health.

Balance: Tina used to think during aerobic exercise was the only way to keep fit. Now she realizes the benefit of including resistance workouts in her weekly workout routine.

Moderation: In high school, Charlie used to run until his niece would almost give out. Now that he is older, he values importance of regular exercise with stay fit without overdoing it during his workouts.

Explanation
Variety means enjoying many different activities to exercise different muscles. Balance is incorporating activities with different benefits, such as cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility, into your workout. Moderation is exercising to keep fit without overdoing it.

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Terms in this set (25)

After birth, which part of the body grows last using the proximodistal growth principle?

trunk
feet
arms
legs

feet

Which growth pattern explains why an infant's head at birth is one-third the size of its body?

bidirectional
continuous
cephalocaudal
proximodistal

cephalocaudal

What are growth norms based on?

chronological age and ethnic background
regional norms
height and weight of parents
length of time breastfeeding or bottle-feeding

chronological age and ethnic backgroun

As compared with the first 2 years of life, growth ______ during early childhood.

slows
speeds up
follows an intermittent pattern
completely stops

slows

What happens if children have growth hormone deficiencies?

They will grow much faster than their peers.
They will show slowed growth throughout childhood and adolescence.
They will show slowed growth until they reach adolescence when the thyroid gland takes over.
They will require a transplant surgery in order to replace the defective thyroid gland

They will show slowed growth throughout childhood and adolescence.

Jeffrey is a toddler who lives in the United States and has regular medical checkups. Anna is a toddler who lives in a nonindustrialized country and does not receive regular medical checkups. Which of the following statements best describes the expected growth of Jeffrey and/or Anna?

Anna will grow just as tall and fast as Jeffrey because growth is mainly due to maturation.
Jeffrey will grow taller and faster than Anna because he lives in a country with good sanitation, nutrition, and access to medical care.
Jeffrey will grow taller and faster than Anna because he is a boy.
Anna will grow taller and faster than Jeffrey because she is a girl.

Jeffrey will grow taller and faster than Anna because he lives in a country with good sanitation, nutrition, and access to medical care.

Which part of the body is responsible for the production of testosterone and estrogen?

the hypothalamus
the adrenal gland
the pituitary gland
the testes in males and the ovaries in females

the testes in males and the ovaries in females

The hormones that drive puberty are regulated by the ______.

prefrontal cortex
gonads
ovaries and testes
hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis

hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis

Which of the following is considered a primary sex characteristic?

onset of menstruation
growth of body hair
breast development
deepening of the voice

onset of menstration

At about age 13, boys demonstrate a principal sign of sexual maturation: the first ejaculation, known as ______.

spermarche
a wet dream
menarche
primary ejaculation

spermarche

What is the key difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?

Primary sex characteristics are directly related to fertility while secondary sex characteristics indicate physical maturity.
Secondary sex characteristics develop much later than primary sex characteristics.
Primary sex characteristics indicate physical maturity and secondary sex characteristics are directly related to fertility.
Secondary sex characteristics are much less obvious than primary sex characteristics.

Primary sex characteristics are directly related to fertility while secondary sex characteristics indicate physical maturity.

Katya is obese. How might her weight impact her maturation?

Her weight will have no impact on her maturation.
She will experience secondary sex changes later.
Her menarche will be extremely late.
She will mature earlier than her peers with an average BMI.

She will mature earlier than her peers with an average BMI.

Longitudinal research suggests that boys and girls who matured late were more likely to show ______ than their on-time peers in late adolescence and early adulthood.

educational achievements
anxiety and depressed mood
eating disorders
athletic prowness

anxiety and depressed mood

What is the pattern of gradual age-related declines in physical functioning called?

senescence
physical maturity
progressive aging
functional aging

senescence

Which of the following physical changes of early adulthood peaks around age 30?

muscle development
reproductivity
cardiovascular health
skin elasticity

muscle development

In terms of physical aging, what is the difference between adults who are considered athletes versus nonathletes?

Athletes age faster in early adulthood, but the declines are not as noticeable until they reach middle age.
Athletes experience more subtle and gradual declines in physical abilities from the late 30s to the 60s.
Nonathletes experience more gradual declines because of less damage to ligaments and tendons.
The muscles and motor skills of nonathletes are more susceptible to damage due to infrequent but more strenuous use.

Athletes experience more subtle and gradual declines in physical abilities from the late 30s to the 60s.

What is the most common symptom of perimenopause that women experience?

hot flashes
reduced vaginal lubrication
bloating
increase appetite

hot flashes

Which of the following statements about men's reproductive ability is most true?

Men's reproductive ability declines gradually and steadily over the adult years starting around age 30.
Men's reproductive ability declines gradually and steadily over the adult years starting around age 40.
Men experience a sudden drop in reproductive ability around age 60.
Men experience a sudden drop in reproductive ability around age 40

Men's reproductive ability declines gradually and steadily over the adult years starting around age 30.

Which of the following adequately describes the cellular mutation theory of aging?

The rate of aging is influenced by DNA and heredity.
With age, the immune system is less able to differentiate healthy cells from pathology, so the body attacks healthy cells instead of harmful cells.
The body ages as a direct result of use.
Aging results from damage to DNA and chromosomes, leading to an increase in cellular mutations.

Aging results from damage to DNA and chromosomes, leading to an increase in cellular mutations.

What factor is associated with both free radicals and the shortening of telomeres?

excessive exercise
stress
diets low in fat
genetics

...

Which theory best explains the finding that parents' lifespans predict those of their children, and identical twins share more similar lifespans than do fraternal twins?

free radicals
programmed genetics
cellular mutation
aging immune system

programmed genetics

Many U.S. families are categorized as food insecure. What does this mean?

These families have inadequate access to food temporarily.
These families do not have access to a grocery store within a 5-mile radius.
These families lack consistent access to healthy food at some point during the year.
These families are not confident in their ability to make healthy choices.

These families lack consistent access to healthy food at some point during the year.

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with higher rates of obesity in adolescence?

a higher economic status
a decrease in screen time
a decline in family meals
a diet that is low in iron

a decline in family meals

What psychological factor common to older adults contributes to malnutrition?

social inclusion
stress
employment
bereavement

bereavement

Martha is 80 years old and suffers from age-related arthritis. She thinks the best way to manage her chronic pain is to rest. What might her doctor tell her?

You are incorrect; if you get sore enough from extreme exercise, you won't notice the arthritic pain.
You are correct; physical exertion will worsen your symptoms.
You are correct; being sedentary will promote your physical health.
You are incorrect; exercise offers physical and mental benefits that slow the negative effects of aging.

You are incorrect; exercise offers physical and mental benefits that slow the negative effects of aging.

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What is the difference between adults who are considered athletes vs nonathletes in terms of physical aging quizlet?

What is the difference between adults who are considered athletes versus non-athletes in terms of physical aging? Athletes experience more subtle and gradual declines in physical abilities from the late 30s to the 60s.
Senescence. A pattern of gradual age-related declines in physical functioning begins in early adulthood. Measurable age-related changes in functioning, known as aging, are visible by about age 30.

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What do nontraditional college students report as their number-one reason to return to college? a. They are looking to be eligible for higher-paying careers.

What is the earliest at which some men's reproductive ability can begin declining?

Another study that evaluated the relationship between age and semen parameters also concluded that male fertility decline begins at 35, and suggested that male fertility peaks between 30 and 35. Bottom line: Men generally see a decrease in fertility beginning at 35, and the decline progresses from there.