Author: Natalie Joe • Reviewer: Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD Show
Anatomical directional terms and body planes represent a universally accepted language of anatomy, allowing precise communication between anatomists and health professionals. The terms used to explain anatomical positioning are described in relation to one standard position called the anatomical position. This position is used to describe body parts and positions of patients regardless if they are lying down, on their side or facing down. In the anatomical position, the person is standing upright with arms to the side with the palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body, feet slightly apart and parallel to each other with the toes pointing forward and the head facing forward and the eyes looking straight ahead. Key facts
Directional termsDirectional terms allow description of one body part in relation to another. Anterior and posteriorAnterior indicates that the body part in question is “in front of” or “front”. Posterior indicates that it is “in behind of” or “behind”. Ventral and dorsalVentral denotes towards the front of the body and dorsal means towards the back of the body. Right and leftRight indicates to the “right side of” and left indicates to the “left side of”. Distal and proximalDistal indicates that it is away or farthest away from the trunk of the body or the point of origin of the body part. Proximal means that it is closest or towards the trunk of the body or point of origin. MedianMedian or midline is an imaginary line down the middle of the body that splits the body into equal left and right parts. Medial and lateralMedial is towards the median whereas lateral is away from the median and towards the side of the body. Lateral (posterior view)Superior and inferiorSuperior is upwards or towards the vertex/top of the head whereas inferior indicates the opposite: below or towards the feet. External and internalSometimes known as superficial, external denotes towards the surface. Internal is also known as deep and denotes that it is away from the body surface. Frontal and occipitalFrontal refers towards the front of the brain whereas occipital means towards the back of the brain. Body planesBody planes are imaginary planes or flat surfaces that cut through and section the body in its anatomical position. CoronalThe coronal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. SagittalThe sagittal plane is also a vertical plane that splits the body into left and right parts. A sagittal plane that runs directly through the midline is also called the midsagittal plane or median plane. TransverseThe transverse plane is a horizontal plane. It divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. In anatomy, they are also referred to as a cross section. Now that you learned everything about the directional terms and body planes, put that knowledge to the test with the quiz below! Highlights
SourcesAll content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. You can learn more about our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines. References:
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Directional terms and body planes: want to learn more about it? Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. What do you prefer to learn with? “I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half.” – Read more.  What is the term for the lateral movement of the limbs away from the median plane of the body?Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body, while adduction is the opposing movement that brings the limb toward the body or across the midline.
What is the movement of a limb away from the body midline?Abduction/Adduction
A movement of a body part away from the midline, either of the body as a whole or that of the hand or foot, is termed abduction (L., to carry away). A movement of the body part back toward the midline (i.e., to the anatomical position) is known as adduction.
Which movement term describes movement in the frontal plane away from the median plane?Answer and Explanation: In the frontal plane. there are two major movements: adduction and abduction. The movement toward the midline is adduction, while the movement away from the midline is abduction.
What is the movement away from the median plane?Direction: During abduction, you are moving your arm/leg away from the median plane. During adduction, you are moving them towards the median plane.
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What is the term that describes the movement of a limb away from the median mid sagittal plane of the body along the frontal coronal plane?
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