By making your app more secure, you help preserve user trust and device integrity. Show
This page presents several best practices that have a significant, positive impact on your app's security. Enforce secure communicationWhen you safeguard the data that you exchange between your app and other apps, or between your app and a website, you improve your app's stability and protect the data that you send and receive. Use implicit intents and non-exported content providersShow an app chooserIf an implicit intent can launch at least two possible apps on a user's device, explicitly show an app chooser. This interaction strategy allows users to transfer sensitive information to an app that they trust.
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Apply signature-based permissionsWhen sharing data between two apps that you control or own, use signature-based permissions. These permissions don't require user confirmation and instead check that the apps accessing the data are signed using the same signing key. Therefore, these permissions offer a more streamlined, secure user experience. <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.myapp"> <permission android:name="my_custom_permission_name" android:protectionLevel="signature" /> Related info:
Disallow access to your app's content providersUnless you intend to send data from your app to a different app that you don't own, you should explicitly disallow other developers' apps from accessing the <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.myapp"> <application ... > <provider android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider" android:authorities="com.example.myapp.fileprovider" ... android:exported="false"> <!-- Place child elements of <provider> here. --> </provider> ... </application> </manifest> Ask for credentials before showing sensitive informationWhen requesting credentials from users so that they can access sensitive information or premium content in your app, ask for either a PIN/password/pattern or a biometric credential, such as using face recognition or fingerprint recognition. To learn more about how to request biometric credentials, see the guide about biometric authentication. Apply network security measuresThe following sections describe how you can improve your app's network security. Use SSL trafficIf your app communicates with a web server that has a certificate issued by a well-known, trusted CA, the HTTPS request is very simple:
Add a network security configurationIf your app uses new or custom CAs, you can declare your network's security settings in a configuration file. This process allows you to create the configuration without modifying any app code. To add a network security configuration file to your app, follow these steps:
<manifest ... > <application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config" ... > <!-- Place child elements of <application> element here. --> </application> </manifest> Related info: Network Security Configuration Create your own trust managerYour SSL checker shouldn't accept every certificate. You may need to set up a trust manager and handle all SSL warnings that occur if one of the following conditions applies to your use case:
To learn more about how to complete these steps, see the discussion about handling an unknown cerificate authority. Related info:
Use WebView objects carefullyWhenever possible, load only allowlisted content in In addition, you should never enable JavaScript interface support unless you completely control and trust the content in your app's Use HTML message channelsIf your app must use JavaScript interface support on devices running Android 6.0 (API level 23) and higher, use HTML message channels instead of communicating between a website and your app, as shown in the following code snippet:
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Provide the right permissionsYour app should request only the minimum number of permissions necessary to function properly. When possible, your app should relinquish some of these permissions when they're no longer needed. Use intents to defer permissionsWhenever possible, don't add a permission to your app to complete an action that could be completed in another app. Instead, use an intent to defer the request to a different app that already has the necessary permission. The following example shows how to use an intent to direct users to a contacts app instead of requesting the
In addition, if your app needs to perform file-based I/O—such as accessing storage or choosing a file—it doesn't need special permissions because the system can complete the operations on your app's behalf. Better still, after a user selects content at a particular URI, the calling app gets granted permission to the selected resource. Related info:
Follow these best practices in order to share your app's content with other apps in a more secure manner:
The following code snippet shows how to use URI permission grant flags and content provider permissions to display an app's PDF file in a separate PDF Viewer app:
Note: Untrusted apps that target Android 10 (API level 29) and higher can't invoke Related info: Store data safelyAlthough your app might require access to sensitive user information, your users will grant your app access to their data only if they trust that you'll safeguard it properly. Store private data within internal storageStore all private user data within the device's internal storage, which is sandboxed per app. Your app doesn't need to request permission to view these files, and other apps cannot access the files. As an added security measure, when the user uninstalls an app, the device deletes all files that the app saved within internal storage. Note: If the data that you're storing is particularly sensitive or private, consider working with The following code snippet demonstrates one way to write data to storage:
The following code snippet shows the inverse operation, reading data from storage:
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Store data in external storage based on use caseUse external storage for large, non-sensitive files that are specific to your app, as well as files that your app shares with other apps. The specific APIs that you use depend on whether your app is designed to access app-specific files or access shared files. Check availability of storage volumeIf your app interacts with a removable external storage device, keep in mind that the user might remove the storage device while your app is trying to access it. Include logic to verify that the storage device is available. Access app-specific filesIf a file doesn't contain private or sensitive information but provides value to the user only in your app, store the file in an app-specific directory on external storage. Access shared filesIf your app needs to access or store a file that provides value to other apps, use one of the following APIs depending on your use case:
Check validity of dataIf your app uses data from external storage, make sure that the contents of the data haven't been corrupted or modified. Your app should also include logic to handle files that are no longer in a stable format. An example of a hash verifier appears in the following code snippet:
Store only non-sensitive data in cache filesTo provide quicker access to non-sensitive app data, store it in the device's cache. For caches larger than 1 MB in size, use The following code snippet shows how to cache a file that your app recently downloaded:
Note: If you use Caution: There is no security enforced on these files. Therefore, any app that targets Android 10 (API level 29) or lower and has the Related info: Saving cache files Use SharedPreferences in private modeWhen using If you want to share data across apps, don't use Related info: Using Shared Preferences Keep services and dependencies up-to-dateMost apps use external libraries and device system information to complete specialized tasks. By keeping your app's dependencies up to date, you make these points of communication more secure. Check the Google Play services security providerNote: This section applies only to apps targeting devices that have Google Play services installed. If your app uses Google Play services, make sure that it's updated on the device where your app is installed. This check should be done asynchronously, off of the UI thread. If the device isn't up-to-date, your app should trigger an authorization error. To determine whether Google Play services is up to date on the device where your app is installed, follow the steps in the guide for Updating Your Security Provider to Protect Against SSL Exploits. Related info:
Update all app dependenciesBefore deploying your app, make sure that all libraries, SDKs, and other dependencies are up to date:
Related info: Add Build Dependencies More informationTo learn more about how to make your app more secure, view the following resources:
Additional resourcesFor more information about making your app more secure, consult the following resources. Codelabs
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