An unconditioned stimulus elicits a(n) __________.
unconditioned response (UR)
Respondent conditioning occurs when a ______ is paired with a(n) _______.
previously neutral stimulus (NS); Unconditioned Stimulus
As a result respondent conditioning, the _____ becomes a conditioned stimulus and elicits a _______.
Neutral stimulus (NS); conditioned response (CR)
When a neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with an already established CS and the NS becomes a CS, this is called ________.
higher-order conditioning
When Pavlov presented the sound of the metronome repeatedly without putting the meat powder in the dog’s mouth, the dog quit salivating to the metronome. What is this process?
After respondent extinction occurred in which the dog no longer salivated to the sound of the metronome, later Pavlov presented the metronome and the dog began to salivate (to a lesser extent). This is called
For respondent conditioning to be most effective, the US should _____ (precede / follow) the CS
Respondent conditioning is not likely to occur when the CS _____ (precedes / follows) the US.
______ is an example of a conditioned emotional response.
T F Unconditioned responses have survival value for the individual.
T F Ideally, the US should occur immediately before the onset of the CS.
T F Backward conditioning is most likely to result in respondent conditioning.
T F During spontaneous recovery, the magnitude of the CR is usually smaller than the magnitude of the CR that occurred prior to extinction.
T F Respondent and operant behaviors cannot occur together in the same situation.
T F One pairing between a neutral stimulus and a US is often sufficient to establish the neutral stimulus as a CS.
T F CERs are always negative.
T F A neutral stimulus becomes a CS by being paired with a US.
T F In respondent extinction, the target behavior is no longer reinforced.
T F In respondent extinction, the CS occurs without the US and eventually the CS no longer elicits a CR.
T F A less intense stimulus will be a more effective US.