When psychologists refer to a dual-store model of memory, they are referring to a model in which:

long term change in mental representation or association as a result of experience 

ability to recall previously learned information

particular location where the information is kept

process of "putting" the information in memory 

assessing process; involves a change of the form of information 

'finding' the previously-stored information as needed

motion size intensity novelty incongruity social cues emotion personal signiicance

factors influencing attention

doesn't make sense with in the context "may i please have your cloud"

meaning and relevance people find in an object 

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human memory gas three components: 

model known because of its claims that working memory and long-term memory are distinctly different entities 

directly affect memorys functioning 

Kathy answers question in class. "winston churchill" this is an example of what?

All information that enters long-term memory must first pass through the sensory register and short-term memory. statement best describes 

a distinction is made between working memory and long term memory 

When psychologists refer to a dual-store model of memory, they are referring to a model in which:

holds incoming information long enough for it to undergo very preliminary cognitive processing 

1st component of the dual-store model 

You can remember something you heard for a second or two even though you weren’t initially paying attention to it. Statement best reflects: 

capacity on sensory registor is: 

duration of sensory register 

most visual information lasts less than a second, with auditory information lasting slightly longer.  

it moves information from sensory register into working memory 

From the perspective of the dual-store model of memory, why is attention so important?

2 factors that account for rapid disappearance of info from sensory register 

new info comes in effectively replace 

without new info, existing info in the sensory register seems to fade away

It moves information from the sensory register into working memory.  

From the perspective of the dual-store model of memory, why is attention so important?

A classroom of students immediately quiets down and pays attention when the teacher yells, “Listen to me!” quite loudly. The students’ sudden attentiveness to the teacher demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

Marnie attends very closely to the English teacher’s lecture because she knows she must pass her English course in order to graduate. Marnie’s attentiveness demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

When a stray dog wanders into a classroom, all of the students stop their seatwork and watch the teacher try to coax the dog from the room. The students’ attentiveness demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

attention as definded in the book 

focusing ones cognitive processes on certain stimuli in the environment 

cocktail party phenomenon 

the ability to attend to one spoken message while ignoring others 

when people are focusing one the details of one object they cannony also inspect other things in their line of sight- things that become the background 

EX OF: Aaron is watching the teacher’s face so intently that he doesn’t notice what she is writing on the chalkboard.

refers to a storage mechanism that hold info for a brief time after its attend to so it can be mentally processed 

"head of the head"- controls and monitors the flow and use of into throughout the memory system 

capacity of working memory

capacity of working memory 

people can hold up to 5-9 units of information in working memory at one time. 

process of combing pieces of information in some way increases the amount of information that the limited space working memory can hold 

working aspect of working memory 

EX: alphabetizing five name as you hold them in memory. 

EX: brigette works hard to keep her mind on her textbook as she reads

Beth does not like to read, but knows it is important, so she solely attends to reading for twenty minutes a day.  

master controller which focuses our attention

temporary storage and rehearsal of verbal and auditory information 

temporary storage of visual and spatial information, objects and their location 

allows these different elements to interact with each other and information in long term memory to facilitate comprehension 

a good deal of info stored in working memory is encoded in what form? 

duration of working memory is? 

a list of five household object can be held where?

William is trying to remember his new nine-digit social security number, and he does so by thinking of it as three groups of three digits each. William is demonstrating:

direct attention draw interference make decisions solve problems inhibiting irrelevant thoughts

working memory is home for many processes important for learning, thinking, and behavior: KEY COMPONENTS:

Look at this word: KITE Without turning the page, try to imagine how the word would look if it were rotated 180º. To perform this task successfully, you would need to make considerable use of that part of your working memory known as the:

duration of working (short-term) memory 

EX: Barney looks up the correct spelling of the word fossil and closes the dictionary. By the time he finds a piece of paper on which to write the word, he has forgotten how to spell it.  

the use of maintenance rehearsal  

Eunice has had trouble remembering the formula for calculating the area of a circle, so she is saying it to herself over and over again as her teacher passes out a geometry test. Eunice is demonstrating:

organization of working memory 

sometimes people increase what they can hold in working memory in some way by pulling together two or more pieces of information intro an integrated unit

chunking singing adding meaning

ex of organization in working memory 

repeating info to keep it alive in working memory 

typical duration or working memory 

EX: Barney looks up the correct spelling of the word fossil and closes the dictionary. By the time he finds a piece of paper on which to write the word, he has forgotten how to spell it.  

EX: Rick has trouble remembering this week’s shopping list—detergent, antifreeze, cinnamon, watermelon, margarine—even though he could easily remember a 6-item list (nuts, milk, pears, salt, ham, stamps) last week.  

being able to remember a grater number of short items on a lost than longer ones 

bottleneck learning has to do with?

complex comment of human memory 

how things are, were, or will be- give instructions 

knowledge on how to do things -how to ride a bike

capacity of long term memory? 

people can easily recall and explain it

affects behavior even though they can't consciously retrieve and inspect it 

duration of long term memory 

declarative vs. procedural knowledge  

You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

EX: John learned the capitals of all 50 US states when he was a child. As an adult, he can no longer recall or recognize any of the 50 state capitals. However, he relearned the capitals faster than Jenny who did not learn the state capitals as a child. 

If you know how to wrap a present, you can probably describe the process to someone else. But if you know how to skip rope, you may have difficulty explaining what you do to someone else. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

T/F: the more info long term memory contains; the less room for more material

To prepare for his test on Tuesday morning, Harvey studied on Monday night. He remembered the information long enough to do well on the test on Tuesday but could not remember it for a surprise quiz a week later. Based on this information, how far in Harvey’s memory system did the information get?

Susan is introduced to Jerry. She immediately smiles and says, “Hello, Jerry.” A minute later, she wants to introduce Jerry to her friend Mary, but she cannot remember his name. Based on this information, how far in Susan’s memory system did Jerry’s name get?

Mr. Wagner stands in front of the class explaining the process of evolution. Ellen is sitting in the front row, but her mind is on the fight she had with her best friend just before class. Based on this information, how far in Ellen’s memory system did Mr. Wagner’s lecture get?

Both boys will remember the same amount if they process the information in the same way.  

Peter and Paul are both listening to the same lecture. Peter is trying to learn the information being presented so that he can remember it later on. Paul is listening closely but not necessarily trying to remember it. From a levels-of-processing perspective, we would predict that:

activation model of memory 

EX: What you are thinking about is activated; other things stored in your memory are in an inactive state.  

incoming information is process by central processor at any one of a number of different levels of complexity 

when individuals process material deeply, they often learn it successfully even when they aren't specially trying to learn it 

people who intend to learn something are more likely to leaner and remember from people who don't specifically try to learn 

what you are thinking about is activated; other things stored in your memory are in an inactive state 

What is the dual store model of memory?

What are the 3 components of the dual store model of memory?

What are the models of memory in psychology?

What is meant by a model of memory?