Which lower-body muscles are commonly overactive in the kendall kyphosis-lordosis posture?

Ankle: neutral
knee: neutral or slightly flexed
hip: neutral or slightly flexed
pelvis: neutral
Lumbar: normal curve or extended
pelvis: neutral
Lumbar: normal curve or extended
shoulders: rounded elevated(scapular winging)
T spine: excessive kyphosis
C spine: extended
head: forward

Pes Planus distortion syndrome
static positions

ankles: pronated(feet turned out)
feet: flat(arches collapsed in)
knees: valgus, flexed
Hips: internally rotated
pelvis: anterior tilt

Long periods of sitting
anterior pelvic tilt is cornerstone for LCS
Malalignments at pelvis, lumbar and thoracic spine
pelvis anterior tilt
lumbar lordosis
potentially lateral shift to one side
thoracic kyphosis
cervical extension or neutral
head may be forward or neutral

Janda’s Layered crossed or kyphosis-Lordosis

Combination of lower, type A and B
and upper crossed syndrome

Lordotic posture
static positions

Ankles: sl plantar flexion
Knees: hyperextension or sl flexed
hip:flexed
pelvis: anterior tilt
hip: flexed
L spine: hyper lordosis
T spine: normal
C spine normal
head: normal
lower extremity shift rearward
upper body shifts forward

Sway back
static positions

Ankles: neutral
Knees: hyperextended
hips: hyperextended
pelvis: posterior tilt
L spine: hypo lordosis (flattened)
T spine: excessive kyphosis and posterior shift
C spine: extended and head: forward

Kendal’s Flat back posture
static positions

Opposite of lordosis
ankles: neutral or slightly plantar flexed
knee: hyper extended
hip: extended
pelvis: posterior tilt
L spine: reduced lordosis or flat
TSpine excessive kyphosis in upper region; flattened lower region
C extended
head: forward

Opposite pes pavis
ankles supination arches raised weight distributed on outside of foot
knees- varus addicted and extended
hips- externally rotated
pelvis-posterior tilt

Deep stabilizing muscles causing superficial muscles to compensate

Anterior pelvic tilt excessive lordosis and increased thoracolumbar kyphosis (mid to upper back) without effecting knees and cervical spine

More mobile lower back and abdominals
ant pelvic tilt has less prominent lumbar curve and prominent malalignments of upper back, head and neck and knees
more prominent kyphosis, knee hyperextension and forward head.

Overactive

• hop flexors
• lumbar extensors
• gastrocnemius/soleus

underactive

• abdominals
• glute max and medius
• hamstrings

Janda’s upper crossed syndrome

UCS may lead to joint dysfunction of Atlantic-occipital joint(C-1)
cercical (C4-5)
cervicothoracic joint
glenohumeral joint
ant thoracic (T4-5)

Overactive

• cervical extensors
• pec minor and major
• upper trap
• levator scap

underactive

• deep neck flexors
• rhomboids middle/lower traps
• serratus anterior

Ankle: neutral or plantar flexed
knee: flexed or hyperextended
hip: flexed
pelvis: anterior tilt
lumbar: excessive lordosis, possible lateral shift
shoulders: rounded, elevated, poss scapular winging
T spine excessive kyphosis
C spine: extended
head: forward

Overactive

• cervical extensors
• pec major and minor
• upper trap
• levator scap
• hop flexors
• lumbar extensors
• gastrocnemius/soleus

underactive

• deep neck flexors
• rhomboids, middle/ lower traps
• serratus ant
• ant abdominals
• hamstrings (hip extensors)
• glute max /med

Lordotic posture
flat back posture
sway back posture
kyphosis-lordosis posture

Lordotic posture muscle activity

Overactive

• hip flexors
• internal obliques-upper

underactive

• abdominals (ex obliques)
• hip extensors(hamstrings)

Flat back muscle activity

Overactive

• cervical extensors
• pec minor
• shoulder adductors
• upper trap and lev scap
• ant abdominals and intercostals
• interior obliques(upper and lateral fibers)
• Hip extensors-hamstrings

underactive

• cercical flexors
• thoracic extensors
• traps middle/lower
• lumbar extensors
• hip flexors (iliopsoas)

Sway back muscle activity

Overactive

• cervical extensors
• upper trap and levator scap
• pec minor
• intercostals
• abdominals- upper fibers
• internal obliques-upper fibers
• hip extensors (hamstrings)

underactive

• cervical flexors
• thoracic extensors
• Traps(middle and lower)
• abdominals(external obliques)
• hip flexors (iliopsoas)

Kendall’s kyphosis-lordosis
primary findings

Upper and lower postural issues
upper body-
forward head
excessive thoracic kyphosis
rounded and elevated shoulders
lower body /LPHC
excessive lumbar lordosis
lateral lumbar shift
anterior pelvic tilt
flexed hips
knees hyperextended
or flexed
ankle plantar flexion

Kyphosis-lordosis posture
static positions

Ankle : neutral or plantar flexed
knee: flexed or hyperextended
hip: flexed
pelvis: anterior tilt
L spine: excessive lordosis poss lateral shift
shoulders: rounded/ elevated
T spine: excessive kyphosis
C spine: extended
head: forward

Kyphosis-lordosis posture
muscle activity

Overactive

• cervical extensors
• upper trap/ levator scap
• shoulder adductors
• intercostals
• pec minor
• internal obliques (upper and lateral)
• hip flexors (iliopsoas)
• lumbar extensors

underactive

• cervical flexors
• thoracic extensors
• traps (middle and lower)
• ant -abdominals(Ext obliques)
• hip extensors (hamstrings)

Pes planus
muscle activity

Overactive

• gastrocnemius/ soleus
• peroneals
• adductors
• IT band
• iliopsoas
• hamstrings

underactive

• post and ant tibialis
• vastus medialis
• glute max / min
• hip external rotators
• hip flexors
• thoracolumbar paraspinals

Injuries related to pes planus

Plantar fasciitis
shin splints or medial tibialis stress syndrome
patellar tendinitis
LBP

What muscles are affected by Kyphotic posture?

What is Kendall Lordotic posture?

What causes lordosis?

Which postural distortion is characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis?