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 Politics in States and Communities15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye 177 solutions American Government1st EditionGlen Krutz 412 solutions Criminal Justice in America9th EditionChristina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole 105 solutions American Corrections11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear 160 solutions CONSULTANT: Next, I would focus on raising a lot of money as quickly as possible. The filing deadline is fast approaching. Without a lot of money in the bank, you won't be viewed as a serious contender. Besides, you'll need the money. This is going to be an expensive election. Most likely, you won't avoid a runoff. And, if you survive the runoff, the general election campaign is sure to be pretty nasty. I would suggest airing positive ads as early as the summer. CANDIDATE: Ads in the summer! In my experience, people don't even begin paying attention to politics until after Labor Day. CONSULTANT: The time between Labor Day and Election Day will fly by, and you'll probably have to go negative by then—or at least defend yourself against attacks. You won't have any time to define yourself positively. Besides, with so many voters taking advantage of early voting , this race may be decided well before Election Day. Students also viewedUpgrade to remove ads Only ₩37,125/year
Terms in this set (168)How have elections changed in Texas over the last 100 years? They use to rely on newspapers, then radio, and then television. Now they rely more on social media and promote name recognition What are the two roles of the Media?
Follow candidates and report on their activities What is overexposure? media can hurt the candidates rather than help What are the functions of the Political Consultants? They are used for polling, focus groups, design ads, opposition research
At best what does the money from political consultants do? buy access to the candidates At worst what does the money from political consultants do? Buy candidates vote What limits does Texas have on political contributions? If it is 50 dollars or more they must be reported to the TX Ethics Commission, but there is no limit on contributions. What are the rules on how much a candidate can receive from others for their campaign? There is no limit from others, but there is a limit on how much a candidate can loan themselves To be in the next election, what percentage of the vote MUST a party get in the general election? They must get 5% of the vote from the previous election If they do NOT get on the ballot, what percentage of signatures does an independent candidate have to get from independent voters in order to get on the ballot in November? 1% of the vote from independent voters In order to have a Write-In vote count, who do you have to register with? You have to file with the Secretary of State and pay a fee or get signatures to avoid paying We vote for lots of positions and to change our Constitution, but low turn out and a one party system has allowed who to have more say than anyone else? Those who show up and interest groups with influence When are Primary Elections held? On the first Tuesday of March in even numbered years What kind of Primary Elections are there? Open Closed Semiclosed Blanket Open Primary Election Primary election at which voters are free to choose which party they wish to select the candidate for. closed primary election only voters registered for a party vote for that party Semi-closed Primary Election Allows voters to declare a party when you show up to vote Blanket Primary Election Primary places every candidate from any party on the ballot and the top two go through What is Crossover Voting? Members of one party vote in another's party to vote for the weaker candidate What is a Run-Off Election? When no one wins outright in a primary, they have an election between the two candidates who received the most votes When is a run off election held? Second tuesday in may What kind of win do you need in Texas to succeed in a general election? Just a plurality of the votes Why do we need special elections in Texas? Called to fill vacancies caused by death, impeachment, or resign or approve bond issues What do you need to win a special election? must win with simple majority Who uses Early Voting the most; Republicans or Democrats? Republicans What are the 3 biggest changes we have seen over the last few decades in Texas Elections? Labor unions have lost their power (especially in Texas) Catholic and male votes have migrated to Republican Party Media now influences candidates and campaigns including social media and email Define a Political Party Organization acting as an intermediary between the people and government with the goal of getting themselves elected What kind of candidates is Texas known for having? They are known for having strong candidates How would politics be described from 1790's to 1970's? Until 1970, politics was party-centered Parties selected candidates, raise money for them, organize rallies, printed their own ballets, hired pollsters, and ran gov through candidates Describe politics today? Now politics are candidate centered They do not belong to parties, organize their own rallies, make their own decisions, hire own pollsters, and the government prints ballots What modern methods do candidates use today? Now they use online market rather than door to door Use social media and less radio/television Promote name recognition What did the Australian Ballot do for elections? Gave everyone uniformity and security with secrecy What did the Greenback Party stand for? Texas farmers who wanted an expansion of paper money, income tax, and secret balloting People's party? An anti-elite and wanted income tax, direct election of US senators, 8 hour work day, and government ownership of railroads Progressives Party? Took over the after populist, fought for women's right to vote, and ratified prohibition What is Realignment? Switching to another party because it looks better What is a "Blue Dog" Democrat? A nickname for a conservative democrat What was the Republican Sweep? In 2002 Republicans win the House and initiated redistricting Social Conservative Republican Concentrate on issues such as abortion, gay rights, prayer in schools, and alternative to teaching evolution Although Democrats are trying to turn Texas Blue, what three things might delay that? Not all hispanics are in favor of abortion Many hispanics are ineligible to vote or they are too young Republicans are not going to just sit back, they are already initiated outreach programs What are some of the major third parties that have/are appear in Texas? La Raza Unida, Libertarian, and Green Party La Raza Unida Party a third party the united race; hispanic independent group in Zavala County Libertarian Party: A minor party that believes in extremely limited government. Libertarians call for a free market system, expanded individual liberties such as drug legalization, and a foreign policy of nonintervention, free trade, and open immigration. Been very successful in Texas overall but have NOT won any races Green Party A minor party dedicated to the environment, social justice, nonviolence, and the foreign policy of nonintervention but they do not make the ballot What are the 6 challenges that third parties face in Texas? -US used to be more centrist while third parties tend to be more extreme What parts of the party organization is temporary Every two years Conventions are formed temporarily in order to elect state officials or federal officials. Voters attend the Precinct Convention, then sends people to the County/District convention, then they go to the state convention What is the purpose of the precinct convention? They create a party platform: statement of principles and positions for that party What parts of the party organization is Permanent? Each Party has committees and chairpersons that work all year long precinct chairperson lowest ranking permanent party official and their job is staffing during elections County Exec Committee job collect fees and puts names on ballot for primary elections state executive committee members Composed of a chair, vice chair, and two members from each senatorial district (31 senate districts) What does the State Executive Committee do? They certify the results for March primary, arrange for next state convention, raise money and promote party Define interest group Organization with shared goals that try to influence public policy through a variety of activities How does pluralism fit into Interest Groups? Interest groups come from Pluralism: the theory that public policy derived from groups competing for laws/regulations to benefit their members What are some well known IG's? NRA (national rifle association) ,MADD (mothers against drunk driving) , U.S Chambers of Commerce, NEA (national endowment for the arts) What are the 3 Broad Categories of IG's? Membership organization nonmember organization government organization Membership Organizations interest groups that have individuals as members that work together to pursue their collective goals Examples of Membership Organizations NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), MAAD (mothers against drunk driving), Christian Coalition, and NRA (National Rifle Association) nonmembership organizations Interest groups that represent corporations and businesses and do not have broad-based citizen support Examples of Nonmembership organizations American Airlines and Halliburton Government Organizations Interest groups that represent state and local governments; also called SLIGs, for state and local interest groups Examples of Government Organizations Armed Forces, Texas Municipal League, and Bureaucratic Debts
Peak Business Associations represent a large statewide industry They try to promote good business industry statewide Trade Association: Specific industries in the state Most powerful trade associations? Most powerful are Texas Oil and Gas Association and Texas Trucking Association Professional Associations: Have members who hold professional licenses and state regulates their practice Public Sectors interest groups: has its own interest and own members like school teachers and admin. What is collective bargaining and why is it important for employees? The right of employees to bargain with the employer in good faith for wages, working hours, and safety. Who does not have Bargaining Power? Teachers do not have collective bargaining power What kinds of Noneconomic Organizations are there? Minority/Ethnic Groups: Religious Groups: Cops (Communities organized for Public Service) Public Interest groups: Minority/Ethnic Groups push their views on civil rights discrimination and govt services Examples of Minority/Ethnic Groups MAD (Mexican American Democrats), Religious Groups promote common goals among religious lines. Examples of Religious Groups Fundamental christians have been focusing on abortion, sex-education, evolution Example of COPS (Communities organized for Public Service): Catholic church major player in suing feds over obamacare Public Interest groups ideas, not economic, or professional ideas What is lobbying Using a paid professional to communicate directly with legislators to change public policy What kinds of techniques does Lobbying use? -
Any contact with legislators or bureaucrats about policies What are 5 types of lobbyists? Professional In house Government Citizen/volunteer Private Individual Professional Lobbyists hired by a client and paid. In-House Lobbyists a professional lobbyist who is a permanent employee of an interest group employee of a specific client who government lobbyists work and lobby for a govt Citizen/Volunteer Lobbyist Unpaid amateur trying to do Private Individual Lobbyist Called "hobbyist" acting on their
own What is Electioneering? Interest Groups supporting candidates that will help their cause Activities associated with Electioneering? - Candidate recruitment is another tool for IG's. What is grassroots lobbying? An organization using their members to advocate for their organization for free What is it you should know about Litigation? Process of taking legal action; It is the most expensive and most time consuming, but can be the MOST effective if you get the end result What 3 factors influence a Resource Base? Type of group What other factors influence the Strength of IG's? Leadership Geographic Distribution Money Economic Diversity Political Party Competition How does Leadership Influence the Strength of IG? How are they organized and who is leading them? Effective and big impact? How does Geographic Distribution Influence the Strength of IG? Having representation statewide, but having a strong presence in a small area can also be advantageous How does money influence Strength of IG? always helps but does not guarantee success How does Economic Diversity influence the Strength of IG's? Having people from all backgrounds means your issue appeals to all people and all levels of society How does Political Party Competition influence the Strength of IG's? Use to be only republicans had a say in texas, but democrats have created a viable two party state What is an iron triangle? the legislature, interest groups, and bureaucracy. The triangle is used to show how the three entities work in creating public policy. How does the iron triangle work? -The politicians give bureaucracies funding and political support while they give What is "rent seeking" Politicians are lenient with IG on laws and regulations so that they get future benefits What does "capture" mean in Interest Groups? When politicians become very close to work hand in hand with certain IG they are referred to as "captured" and could change their election Define Public Policy An officially expressed intention backed by sanctions that can be a reward or a punishment How does Public Policy change? Incremental change Punctuated Multiple Theory Policy FeedBack Theory Incremental change in public policy small, gradual change. Punctuated Equilibrum in public policy gradual change, with sudden change due to some catastrophic event. Multiple Theory in public policy Several solutions running at the same time to correct problems.Problems - Proposed solutions - Politics Policy Feedback Theory in Public Policy Politicians make choices from limited list based on current political climate Steps of Public Policy Problem identification policy formulation policy adoption policy implementation policy evaluation Problem identification in PPP Trying to ID the problem can be a problem. Often referred to as Garbage-Can theory as all problems are thrown on a pile and MOST important goes to the top and stays there, so it can be addressed. Policy Formulation in PPP IG's, bureaucrats and even private citizens make suggestions on how to solve the problem, then politicians decide. Most solutions die in committee. Only a few make it into a bill. Policy Adoption in PPP Politicians wrestle with exact wording and legal authority, then comes the maneuvering, compromising and negotiating. Policy Implementation PPP? Once passed into law, the bureaucracy must now enact the law, which could have very vague wording. Bureaucrats make thier own judgement as to what the law means, at least until the AG or the judiciary makes their own official rulings. Policy evaluation in PPP A review of the law and how it is affecting society to see if it needs to be left alone, changed or killed. What is the atmosphere for businesses in Texas? Texas is very pro business and has been the best state for business in the last 14 years in a row
Differentiate between Medicaid & Medicare. Medicare pays for healthcare for those 65 and older and some disabilities What are key provisions for Obamacare? No lifetime maximum limits Coverage to 26 parents policies Coverage for pre-existing conditions And the "individual mandate" that everyone be covered What did Texas do to help Texans get signed up for Obamacare? They actually did not participate in the government created federal marketplace for individuals to buy policies at lower rates. They did nothing to inform texans about obamacare options and did not expand medicaid options either. What excuse did Texas use as an excuse for NOT expanding Medicaid? What was the result? There were too few doctors to accept it. In 2000 67% doctors accepted in but in 2015 only 32% did -Texas continues to have the largest population without healthcare What 1949 law helped standardize education in Texas? Gilmer-akins law passed to established the Texas Education Association (TEA) and provided more funding and equality throughout the state. What did Edgewood v Kirby do for Texas in 1989? Made Legislature come up with the Robin Hood Plan What did the Robin Hood Plan do Meant to equalize school funding -ISD could give certain amount of excess money to the state for redistribution Although Higher Education is still cheaper than other states in Texas, why is it still a problem for Texans to pay for it? The school is lower and the texas cost of living is lower, but the people have cheaper wages What are the current restrictions for abortions in Texas? - require that abortions be performed by a licensed doctor. What percent of the Texas population is foreign born (legal & illegal)? 17% of texas population is foreign born
By 2060 Texas' population will be about how many? 50 million What will be a MJOR problem for the rise in population? Will there be enough water for everyone? -59% ground water while 41% is surface water What is the #1 monetary priority for the state? The Texas Education system MOST of the state's revenue comes from what tax? 58.8% from sales tax When compared to other states, Texas' revenue is ___ out of 50. 45 Texas taxes are designed get something for what we pay, which means we call them what? Benefit Based Compared to the rest of the US, Texas' regressive system is what out of 50? Texas has the third most regressive Tax system in the US (behind washington and florida) Why don't we use a proportional system to tax people? (3 reasons) 1- kill thousands of tax
preparation jobs proportional system to tax people? everyone pays the same rate Why don't we want to tax businesses more? (Tax Shifting - 3 reasons) They would push the taxes to someone else Towns & Cities use property taxes and what percent of sales taxes automatically go to every town and city? 1% What percentage of the Texas budget comes from Federal Funding? 65% Most of the Federal Funding goes to pay for what? 64%-Health and Human Services How much of the Texas budget is "restricted/dedicated" for a specific purpose? 81% which means they are specifically for certain things What is the Constitutional Mandate of EVERY Texas Budget? Needs to be balanced (project outlays do NOT exceed projected revenue) What are the five categories of the Texas Funding? General Revenue Fund Budget: General Revenue Dedicated Funds Budget Federal Funds Budget Other Funds Budget All Funds Budget General Revenue Fund Budget not dedicated and can be used for any purpose -Available school fund General Revenue Dedicated Funds Budget: money that must be paid for specific purposes State parks Federal Funds Budget all grants, payments, and reimbursements from the federal government -Dedicated for medical accounts Other Funds Budget any payments coming to state not included in the first three State highways All Funds Budget: the aggregate of the first four accounts 5% of the Texas budget can go for debt, but the debt MUST do what? They must be paid for themselves What is the structural defect that Texas has? The Business Franchise Tax/Fee is chronically underperforming. Revenue is not meeting projections. And what is the problem with Texas' education budget? It has increased spending in Education every year, but it has not been enough to cover the growth in education For extra credit: Know Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Justices Keller What do you call candidates where you have to physically write in their names on the ballot? a) Write in candidate What does it take to win the general Election in Texas? Plurality of votes Which is not a public interest group? NRA How much of Texas' total annual budget is paid for by Federal Funding? 1/3 By law, state sponsored welfare cannot exceed what percent of the Texas budget? (Medicaid NOT included) 1% Although Party labels may change, Texas' ideology has remained relatively what? Conservative With Democratic Dominance of the General Election, what was the ONLY election that really mattered? Democratic Primary Denton County Judge: Andy Eads Denton County Commissioners Hugh Coleman Denton County Treasurer Cindy Brown Denton County Sheriff Tracey Murphree Denton County Clerk Juli Luke Denton Tax Assessor Michelle French Denton District Attorney Paul Johnson
Denton District Clerk David Trantham Denton Elections Administrator Lannie Noble Dallas Mayor Eric Johnson Denton Mayor Chris Watts Flower Mound Mayor Steve Dixon Fort Worth Mayor Betsy Price Lewisville Mayor Rudy Durham Sets found in the same folderTexas Government test 3 (Chapters 5 & 6)125 terms rwilliamson97 Chapter 6 Texas Politics and Government61 terms jonunn7 Texas Court System54 terms mjt10525 Chapter 5: The Court System in Texas89 terms Robert_Carranco Other sets by this creatorChapter 14 Government53 terms loliver88 Chapter 13 Government72 terms loliver88 Chapter 12 Government63 terms loliver88 Chapter 11 Gov92 terms loliver88 Recommended textbook solutionsAmerican Government1st EditionGlen Krutz 412 solutions Politics in States and Communities15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye 177 solutions American Corrections11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear 160 solutions Politics in States and Communities15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye 177 solutions Other Quizlet setsPLS 135 Chapter 2 Study Questions13 terms TessaLB61100 IT Fundamentals Chapter 9.410 terms Kathleen_202TEACHER Exam 2 Material (PSY 447)57 terms sarahcboggs21 |
Which media type is consumed at a higher rate than all the others in Texas quizlet?
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