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Terms in this set (89)Bianca's parents fight constantly. As a result, they ignore her. Lately Bianca has begun to stay out late and to hang out with much older friends. Bianca's parents' conflict is having a(n) _____ effect on her behavior. indirect Ben, age 14, is close to his older brother Sam, who is 16. According to research, Sam will be more of a socializing agent for Ben than his peers. In a study on the effects of divorce on children conducted by Hetherington and colleagues, what percentage of the children from divorced families were found to have emotional problems? 25 percent Penny's parents are still married but they have a high degree of marital conflict. According to research, Penny is more likely than her peers whose parents are happily married to developing emotional problems Which of the following statements about adolescents in divorced families is TRUE? Adolescents from divorced families show poorer adjustment than their counterparts in nondivorced families. The most common pattern of parenting that was found in a study of parenting behaviors in 186 countries around the world was warm and controlling Family organization and routine has been shown to be positively related to all of the following factors EXCEPT school-related problems Today's parent-adolescent relationships are viewed as reciprocal Lower rates of parental monitoring have been associated with all of the following problems EXCEPT decreased participation in extra-curricular activities in high school. Which of the following statements about authoritative parents is NOT true? Their children are less receptive to parental influences than other styles of parenting. Which of the following are ways in which cognitive changes in adolescence influence the parent-adolescent relationship? (Select all that apply.) 1 .Adolescents expect fine detail as to why they are being disciplined. True or false: Socioemotional changes in adolescents that affect the parent-adolescent relationship include increases in school responsibility and expectations. True Baumrind describes children raised by ______ parents as often unhappy, fearful, and anxious about comparing themselves to others. authoritarian Children raised by _____ parents tend to have poor self-control, low self-esteem, and have trouble with peer relationships and immaturity. neglectful How do researchers characterize only children? Achievement-oriented According to Baumrind, what type of parents expect mature, independent, and age-appropriate behavior from their child, and show pleasure and support when their child exhibits constructive behavior? Authoritative According to Baumrind, children raised by ______ parents never learn to control their own behavior and always expect to get their way. Indulgent Research indicates that parent-adolescent conflict generally declines ______. between early and late adolescence The influence of a parent's behavior on the adolescent, such as discipline, is an example of a(n) ______ effect. direct True or false: Children tend to want less detail and logical explanation for disciplinary action as they move through adolescence. False According to Baumrind, which of the following are likely characteristics for children of authoritarian parents? (Select all that apply.) 1. Weak communication skills Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of children raised by neglectful parents? Independence Parent-adolescent conflict begins to increase during which period? Early adolescence The relationship between the parents in a family and how this relationship influences how the parents then act toward their adolescent is an example of a(n) ______ effect. indirect Which of the following do most emerging adults who return home or continue to live at their parent's home experience? 1. Hindrances on their sex life Which of the following is the most likely impact of an emerging adult returning to live at home with his or her parents? Disequilibrium that requires adaptation Which of the following are research findings on the impact of intergenerational relationships on emerging adults? (Select all that apply.) 1. Supportive parenting in childhood is linked to positive relationships between
middle-aged parents and their adult children. True or false: Coparenting that consists of poor coordination, active undermining of the other parent, and lack of cooperation places adolescents at developmental risk.
True Research indicates that, compared to men who become fathers early in life, men who become fathers later in life, during their 30s or 40s, have which of the following characteristics? (Select all that apply.) 1. They encourage more achievement. Parents can help adolescents reach their full potential by serving as an effective manager who ______. (Select all that apply.) 1. makes contacts Which of the following represent shortcomings in the research on parenting style? (Select all that apply.) 1. The concept of synchrony is largely absent from research on parenting
styles. Of the following, which is the most common cause of parent-adolescent conflict? Curfew Research has shown that prolonged, intense parent-adolescent conflict has been associated with which of the following? (Select all that apply.) 1. Higher levels of anxiety and
depression Cross-cultural research suggests that parent-adolescent conflict is lower in ______ than in the United States. (Select all that apply.) 1. India When parents demonstrate parental solidarity such as cooperation, mutual respect, and balanced communication, adolescents are likely to which of the following? (Select all that apply.) 1. Demonstrate competence in peer relations Which of the following concepts explains why fathers who delay having children until their 30s or 40s behave differently from fathers in their teens or 20s? Multiple developmental trajectories Which of the following would be considered caveats to Baumrind's conceptualization of parenting styles? (Select all that apply.) 1. Many parents use a combination of techniques. Researchers estimate about ______ percent of parent-adolescent relationships are characterized by continued, intense, and unhealthy conflict. 20 to 25 True or false: The United States has a lower level of parent-adolescent conflict than India and Japan. False Which of the following demonstrate adolescent emotional autonomy? (Select all that apply.) 1. De-idealizing their parents Researchers have found that adolescents are more likely to have a difficult time going away to college when which of the following is true? Their parents are divorced Which of the following is a research finding about the relationship between attachment in adolescence and the quality of romantic relationships in adulthood? Securely attached adolescents have a greater capacity for romantic intimacy. Which of the following are tenets of the new model of parent-adolescent relationships? (Select all that apply.) 1. Conflict is moderate rather than
intense. Particularly after they leave home, emerging adults find that their relationship with their parents tends to do which of the following? Improve As far as how often emerging and young adults see their parents, research suggests emerging and young adults with children do which of the following? See their parents more often than their childless counterparts The capacity to relinquish childlike dependency on parents is defined as _______ autonomy. emotional Which of the following trends is TRUE concerning divorce rates in the U.S.? The U.S. divorce rate has declined since the 1980s. According to research by Hetherington and Stanley-Hagen, which of the following are possible reasons that parents should stay in unhappy, conflicted marriages? (Select all that apply.) 1. If conflict between the couple would increase after the divorce Approximately half of all children whose parents divorce will have a _______ within 4 years of parental separation. stepfather How does the old model of parent-adolescent relationships characterize conflict? Intense and stressful
Which of the following best characterizes how emerging adolescents respond to intergenerational relationships? They may choose to replicate or alter the legacies of the older generations. Which of the following is a result of cultural changes occurring around the world in the 21st century? Decreased support from extended family
The concept of multiple ______ trajectories involves the timing of various life events. developmental Researchers refer to adolescents' decisions to disclose to their parents details about their whereabouts, friends, and activities as ______. information management Which of the following child age groups is most common in a stepfamily setting? Elementary and middle-school-aged children According to Baumrind, children whose parents are ______ are often cheerful, self-controlled, self-reliant, and achievement oriented. authoritative Adolescents' willingness to disclose information to their parents about such things as activities, friends, and whereabouts is linked to _____. (Select all that apply.) 1. positive adjustment According to Baumrind, the ______ parenting style places few demands or controls on the child and is characterized by overly involved parents. indulgent True or false: The adolescent push for autonomy is usually the result of negative feelings toward parents. False Children raised by authoritative parents are likely to display which of the following characteristics? (Select all that apply.) 1. Cooperativeness with adults Which of the following are examples of insecure attachment patterns as classified by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI)? (Select all that apply.) 1. Preoccupied/ambivalent Psychologically healthy families adjust to adolescent desire for independence and autonomy by doing which of the following? (Select all that apply.) 1. Treating adolescents more like an adult Which of the following are common roles that adolescent siblings play? 1. rivals Which of the following describes the effect that favoritism has on a less-favored sibling? Highly detrimental Which of the following statements are true about the effect of sibling conflict on adolescent development? (Select all that apply.) 1. Sibling conflict combined with ineffective parenting is especially damaging. The insecure attachment pattern in which individuals deemphasize the importance of attachment and experience consistent rejection is referred to as dismissing or _______ attachment. avoidant How do firstborns and later-born children tend to differ? Later-born children are the most rebellious and liberal.
Research indicates that ______ show favoritism toward one sibling. both mothers and fathers Which of the following intensifies the negative consequences of sibling conflict? Parenting that is ineffective Most often, adolescents and emerging adults from divorced families show poorer adjustment than their counterparts in nondivorced families. Adopted children are ______(more/less) likely than nonadoptees to experience adjustment problems, such as anxiety and attention problems. more Compared to non-Latino White Americans, which of the following ethnic groups have higher rates of single-parent families? 1.
Latino Americans Critics of Baumrind note that her parenting style categories reflect only a ______ view of child development North American "Intelligent, achieving, and conscientious" best describe a child in what position of birth order? Firstborn The process by which children and adolescents socialize parents, just as parents socialize them is referred to as ______. reciprocal socialization Researchers have found a positive relationship between adolescents' grades and family-management practices such as ______. (Select all that apply.) 1. homework scheduling Counter to Baumrind's theories, the ______ parenting approach has shown positive outcomes for some ethnic groups. authoritarian Research has shown that low levels of parental monitoring are associated with which of the following? (Select all that apply.) 1. Substance use Baumrind argued that parents should NOT do which of the following? Be punitive or aloof According to Baumrind, which type of parents place firm limits and controls on their child, allow little verbal exchange, and might spank their child frequently? Authoritarian Yvonne and Gregory spend most of their leisure time with one another, leaving their child at home. They are more concerned with their own needs than those of their child. According to Baumrind, what parenting style do Yvonne and Gregory utilize? Neglectful The four parenting styles involve the dimensions of ______ and responsiveness on the one hand, and ______ and control on the other. acceptance; demand Research finds that the most effective of Baumrind's parenting styles is the _______ parenting style. authoritative Why might maintaining a consistent family routine result in better academic performance for students? It builds self-management skills. In general, mothers of adolescents are ______ involved with their children compared to fathers. more Gender differences in autonomy are most likely to occur in families with a(n) ______ gender-role orientation. traditional In ______ attachment, infants either avoid, show resistance to, or are ambivalent toward the caregiver. insecure According to Hazan and Shaver, someone with a(n) ______ attachment style would most likely agree with the statement, "I am uncomfortable getting close to others and rarely allow myself to depend on anyone else." avoidant The most negative outcomes for emerging adult children are related to a(n) ______ parenting style on the part of both mothers and fathers. controlling-indulgent Recommended textbook solutions
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Which of the following best characterizes how emerging adolescents respond to intergenerational relationships?
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