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- History of the Americas
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Terms in this set (48)
William Jennings Bryan, speech accepting the Democratic Party nomination for the presidency, 1900
"If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the Republican party ought to state its position and
defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.
"The Filipinos do not need any encouragement from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement, not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated to make the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick
Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, "Give me liberty or give me death," he expressed a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men. . . .
"The Democratic party does not oppose expansion when expansion enlarges the area of the Republic and incorporates land which can be settled by American citizens, or adds to our population people who are willing to become citizens and are capable of discharging their duties as such.
". . . [W]e have a right to demand of the Republican
leaders a discussion of the future status of the Filipino. Is he a citizen or a subject? . . . Are they to share with us in making the laws and shaping the destiny of this nation?"
The point of view of the first two paragraphs of the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following historical arguments?
Some political leaders pointed to traditions of self-determination when making foreign policy.
The excerpt could best be used by a historian studying which of the following historical developments?
The persistence of popular isolationist sentiment in the United States in the early 1900s
Which of the following is a limitation of using Bryan's speech to study the differences between imperialism and anti-imperialism in the early 1900s?
The anti-imperialist idea in the speech about the racial differences between Filipinos and White Americans was similar to the racial theories of imperialists.
Edgar Thomson, United States soldier, letter from the Philippines, 1899
"A few days ago a vote was taken in the regiment to determine how many wished to remain for an extra six months, and the result showed that none cared to stay any longer than they have to. So the colonel did not volunteer the service of the regiment, but informed us that it is his opinion that we will be home and out of the service by the first of July. This seems like a long time yet, but it is not so bad when compared to a year and two months. Our enlistment read 'for two years, unless sooner discharged, to serve in the Spanish-American war.' So you may see we did not enlist to fight these insurgents, and as few of the men are in favor of holding the islands, we do not feel it our duty to enlist for an additional six months. Now that the treaty has been ratified by Spain and the United States we are entitled to our discharge within sixty days; at least that is the way we understood it when we enlisted, and our captain says that is the way he understood it; but we will not complain if they get us home before the Fourth."
The publication of the excerpt most likely had which of the following purposes?
To increase opposition to the United States annexation of the Philippines
The excerpt best explains which of the following historical situations during the late nineteenth century?
The increased involvement of the United States in Asia and the Pacific
The excerpt can best be used to explain which of the following situations that resulted from the Spanish-American War?
The emergence of nationalist movements in areas under United States control
Ida M. Tarbell, journalist, The History of the Standard Oil Company, 1904
"[John D. Rockefeller, the owner of the Standard Oil Company] secured an alliance with the railroads to drive out rivals. For fifteen years he received rebates of varying amounts on at least the greater part of his shipments, and for at least a portion of that time he collected drawbacks of the oil other people shipped; at the same time he worked with the railroads to prevent other people getting oil to manufacture, or if they got it he worked with the railroads to prevent the shipment of the product. If it reached a dealer, he did his utmost to bully or wheedle him to countermand his order. If he failed in that, he undersold until the dealer, losing on his purchase, was glad to buy thereafter of Mr. Rockefeller. . . .
Evidence from the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following arguments about journalists during the Progressive Era?
They feared that unfair corporate practices were undermining smaller companies and promoting economic inequality.
The situation depicted in the excerpt was most significant because it led to which of the following outcomes?
Progressive Era reformers sought federal legislation and court action to help regulate economic markets.
B
Which of the following would most likely be considered a significant limitation of the excerpt resulting from its purpose?
Because the excerpt suggests that the Standard Oil Company was undemocratic and unethical, it overlooks the benefits of economic consolidation.
Which of the following can be concluded based on the historical context in which the excerpt was produced?
Americans were uncertain how to deal with the transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy.
President Woodrow Wilson, speech in New York City at a campaign to encourage Americans to purchase war bonds during the First World War, 1918
"[The issues behind the First World War] must be settled . . . with a full and unequivocal acceptance of the principle that the interest of the weakest is as sacred as the interest of the strongest. . . "And, as I see it, the constitution of that League of Nations and the clear definition of its objects must be a part, is in a sense the most essential part, of the peace settlement itself. . . .
"Special
alliances and economic rivalries and hostilities have been the prolific source in the modern world of the plans and passions that produce war. . . ..
The purpose of the speech in the excerpt best supports which of the following arguments about United States foreign policy in the 1910s?
Political leaders advocated applying democratic principles to relationships between countries.
A limitation of using the speech excerpted to study opposition to the League of Nations is that the speech
was given before the Treaty of Versailles was concluded
The speech could best be used by a historian studying which of the following historical situations related to the First World War?
The changes in traditional ideas about United States noninvolvement in Europe
The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments?
Debates emerged over the proper role of the United States in the world.
W. E. B. Du Bois, "Returning Soldiers," 1919
"We are returning from war! . . . . Tens of thousands of Black men were drafted into a great struggle. . . . We fought gladly and to the last drop of blood; for America and her highest ideals, we fought in far-off hope; for the dominant southern oligarchy entrenched in Washington, we fought in bitter resignation. For the America that represents and gloats in lynching, disfranchisement, caste, brutality and devilish insult—for this, in the hateful upturning and mixing of things, we were forced by vindictive fate to fight also.
Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to support the argument made in the excerpt?
The United States experienced persistent racial violence throughout the early twentieth century.
Which of the following developments during the mid-to-late 1910s could best be used as evidence to refute the argument made in the excerpt?
The economic situation of many African Americans in urban areas improved.
Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to modify the argument made in the excerpt?
Population growth in the South slowed as many people moved to the North and West.
Which of the following contexts between 1900 and 1919 best helps to explain the developments in the excerpt?
Global conflicts led to new United States foreign policy to protect national security.
William Leach, historian, Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture, 1993
"In the decades following the Civil War, American capitalism began to produce a distinct culture, unconnected to traditional family or community values, to religion in any conventional sense, or to political democracy. It was a secular business and market-oriented culture, with the exchange and circulation of money and goods at the foundation of its aesthetic life and of its moral sensibility. . . .
Which of the following long-term developments in the second half of the 1800s best helps to explain the change in United States culture depicted in the excerpt?
The creation of new manufacturing methods allowed factories to greatly increase production.
The development by the early 1900s depicted in the excerpt represented a continuation of which of the following earlier developments?
The growth of the middle class during the Gilded Age
Which of the following explains a similarity between the United States economy in the early 1900s depicted in the excerpt and the United States economy in the first half of the 1800s?
In both periods, new technology increasingly connected Americans to commerce and markets.
Elsie Hill, activist, "Shall Women Be Equal Before the Law?", The Nation, 1922
"The removal of all forms of the subjection of women is the purpose to which the National Woman's Party is dedicated. Its present campaign to remove the discriminations against women in the
laws of the United States is but the beginning of its determined effort to secure the freedom of women, an integral part of the struggle for human liberty for which women are first of all responsible. Its interest lies in the final release of woman from the class of a dependent, subservient being to which early civilization committed her.
"The laws of various States at present hold her in that class [of dependents]. They deny her a control of her children equal to the father's; . . . they
punish her for offenses for which men go unpunished; they exclude her from public office and from public institutions to the support of which her taxes contribute. . . .
". . . In California the husband is sole manager of the community property, which consists of all that is acquired during the marriage by either husband or wife. . . . Her wages and earnings therefore are under his control during [his] life and he can dispose of them without her knowledge or consent. . . .
". . . [The
National Woman's Party] has under its consideration an amendment to the Federal Constitution which, if adopted, would remove [these discriminations] as one stroke."
A context that helps to explain the development discussed in the excerpt is that, after 1920, Americans were debating
the appropriate gender roles for women in society
Which of the following contexts helps to explain the economic changes that contributed to the production of the excerpt?
Women experienced growing opportunities to earn wages.
(The growth of opportunities for women to earn wages is a context that helps to explain the economic changes that contributed to the production of the excerpt. Increased opportunities for economic independence for women in the 1920s, especially for middle-class White women, led some women to push for increased economic and legal rights.)
Which of the following social contexts best helps to explain the development discussed in the excerpt?
The United States population shifted from rural to urban areas.
Which of the following best explains the main cause of the Great Depression of the 1930s?
Episodes of credit and market instability undermined the financial system.
Which of the following best explains a connection between policies intended to address the Great Depression and earlier Progressive Era reform policies?
Both sought to create a stronger financial regulatory system..
(Creating a stronger financial regulatory system best explains a connection between policies intended to address the Great Depression and earlier Progressive Era reform policies. Great Depression-era efforts to create stronger financial regulations through reforms such as the Glass-Steagall Act (1933) had a great deal in common with Progressive Era financial reforms such as the Federal Reserve Act (1913) and the Sixteenth Amendment (1913), which allowed Congress to establish an income tax.
Which of the following best explains changes in the federal government resulting from the Great Depression?
Policymakers developed a limited welfare state to reduce the effects of mass unemployment and social upheavals.
In which of the following ways did the New Deal mark a departure from previous government practices?
The New Deal actively used government power to stimulate economic recovery.
Which of the following best explains a long-term political change resulting from the New Deal?
Political alignments shifted as African Americans came to support the Democratic Party.
Which of the following best explains changes in migration patterns in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s?
The Great Depression of the 1930s and the increased demand for war production in the 1940s led many Americans to migrate to cities in search of economic opportunities.
Which of the following best explains the policy of the United States toward Nazi Germany in the 1930s?
Strong isolationist sentiments after the First World War left many Americans wary of involvement in another European conflict.
Which of the following best explains how the United States sought to engage in world affairs in the 1920s and 1930s, the decades immediately following the First World War?
The United States used peace treaties and select military intervention to promote international order.
Which of the following best explains the factor that most directly prompted United States entry into the Second World War in 1941 ?
Japan attacked the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor.
"Secretaries, housewives, waitresses, women from all over central Florida are getting into vocational schools to learn war work. Typical are these in the Daytona Beach branch of the Volusia County vocational school." Office of War Information, 1942.
Courtesy of the National Archives
Courtesy of the National Archives
Which of the following best explains the cause of the historical development depicted in the image?
Workforce shortages led to calls for women to perform jobs previously reserved for men.
Demands for labor like that depicted in the image explains which of the following related effects?
Men and women migrated from rural areas to cities in order to work in defense industries.
The development depicted in the image best helps explain which of the following effects on United States foreign relations?
The United States and its allies won the war in part because they had sufficient military supplies.
Yalta Conference Agreement, 1945
"That the United States Government, on behalf of the three powers, should consult the Government of
China and the French Provisional Government in regard to decisions taken at the present conference concerning the proposed world organization. . . .
"The Government of the United States of America, on behalf of itself and of the Governments of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics and the Republic of China and of the Provisional Government of the French Republic invite [governments] to send representatives to a conference to be held on 25 April, 1945, or soon
thereafter, at San Francisco, in the United States of America, to prepare a charter for a general international organization for the maintenance of international peace and security.
"The above-named Governments suggest that the conference consider as affording a basis for such a Charter the proposals for the establishment of a general international organization which were made public last October as a result of the Dumbarton Oaks conference."
Other world leaders most likely interpreted the excerpt as indicating that the United States was
taking a leading role in world diplomacy.
The point of view expressed in the excerpt most directly contributes to a historical understanding of which of the following issues?
The role of the United States in the establishment of postwar peace settlements
The excerpt could best be used to explain which of the following postwar situations?
The emergence of the United States as a global superpower
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