What does the story about the conviction and imprisonment of Bruce Glover suggest about punishment in the United States?
Convicts can lose everything important to them while in prison and, after release, they often struggle to fit back into society.
"The recognized violation of cultural norms" refers to the concept of
"crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime
Is a violation of norms enacted into law.
Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.
The formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials is called
the criminal justice system
Based on your reading, it would be correct to say that biological approaches offer
a very limited understanding of crime
The correct view of the role of biology in causing people to commit crimes is that
biological factors may have a real but small effect in causing some people to commit crimes.
Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to rein in deviant impulses. They called their ana
The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because
Most people who commit crimes have normal personalities
Assume you were listening to a lecture on Durkheim's approach to deviance. The focus of the lecture might be that
finding areas of interest to you avoiding distraction and listening for main ideas
According to Durkheim, functions of deviance include
The idea that responding to deviance promotes social unity
In his study of New England Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that
Even the disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community
In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, ___________ refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting t
According to Robert Merton's strain theory, the term ________ would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone, who made a
According to Robert Merton's strain theory, the term ________ correctly describes the behavior of a school "dropout" who reje
According to Robert Merton's strain theory, the term _______ correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejec
According to Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller who ne
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin Extended Merton's theory of deviance stating that crime:
reflect not only lefitimate opportunity, but also accessible illegitimate opportunity.
Both albert Cohen and walter miller argue that deviance is most likely to arise among
Participating in the subculture that Elijah Anderson describes as "the code of the streets" raises the risk that young people
conforming to conventional morality
The basic idea behind labeling theory is
deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do
Edwin Lemert described primary deviance as
a passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person's self-concept.
When friends began to criticize Juan as a "boozer," pushing him out of their social circle, he became bitter and began to dri
the onset of secondary deviance.
What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept an
What does the concept "retrospective labeling" process refer to?
interpreting someone's past as consistent with present deviance
Thomas Szasz made the controversial assertion that
Mental illness is anything so that insanity is only differences hat mother other people
Whether respond to deviance as a moral issue or medical matter affects
Whether the person is subject to punishment or treatment
Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory links deviance to
the amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage the behavior in question
Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests that the category of people most likely to engage in deviance is
young people who "hang out" on the corner waiting for something to happen
According to social conflict approach what a society label as deviant is based primarily on
differences in power between various categories of people
Alexander Liazos speaks for the social-conflict approach when he states that...
Powerless people are at the highest risk of being defined as deviant.
Crime committed by persons of high social position during the course of their occupations is called
Edwin Sutherland stated that white-collar crime...
Is more likely to be resolved in a civil rather than a criminal court.
________________ refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf.
Organized crime refers to
any business that supplies illegal goods or services
A Hate crime is defined as
A criminal act motivated by race or other bias
Feminist theory states that gender figures into the study of deviance because
every society in the world applies stronger normative controls to females than to males.
aggravated assault most often, then robbery
In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?
The act and the criminal intent.
Crimes against the person includes all but
Mike reports the theft of his dirt bike from the front yard of his house. The police would record this as which type of crime
Prostitution is widely regarded as a
Criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect?
Offenses known to police.
Victimization surveys show that the actual amount of crime in the United States is about ________ what official reports indic
the likelihood a person will be arrested for a street crime rises sharply
during the late teenage years
Men, who represent about half the U.S. population, account for about _____ of all arrests for property crime.
In the United States, men account for about _____ of all arrests for violent crime.
Of all the property crimes discussed in the chapter, one occurs far more than all the others. Which one is it?
Research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for serious crime..
Is higher for people in lower class levels.
In terms of racial categories, most of the people in the United States arrested for FBI Index crimes are
According to Elliot Currie, factors that explain the high crime rate in the United States by world standards include?
Our emphasis on individual economic success, at the expense of strong families.
Concept of due process refers to
the criminal justice system operating according to the law
Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police
settle problems, restore calm, arrest or remove someone from the home.
Most criminal cases handled by the criminal justice system in the United States are resolved
Through the plea bargaining
Looking back in history the oldest justification for punishing an offender is
If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish
A judge sentences a young man who has committed several crimes to counseling and places him in a supportive foster home. Thes
The concept criminal recidivism refers to:
later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.
A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation. This