Largest subdivision of the ECF are the interstitial fluid of the peripheral tissues and the plasma of circulating blood. Minor components of the ECF include lymph, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid, serous fluids (pleural pericardial, and peritoneal fluids), aqueous humor, perilymph , and endolymph. The ECF principal ions are sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
The ICF has many variations as a result if differences in the intracellular water content if fat versus muscle( due to the different sexes). Our to variations in the interstitial fluid volume of various tissues and the larger blood volume in males vs. females. ICF contains an abundance of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions, plus large amounts of negatively charged proteins.
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Terms in this set (23)
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following exerts oncotic pressure? Select all that apply.
Sodium
Potassium
Glucose
Albumin
Cortisol
albumin
Sodium
Potassium
Question 2 of 5
An isotonic IV solution ______________________. Select all that apply.
has a higher solute concentration than the blood.
has the same solute concentration as the blood.
causes cell swelling.
is used to counteract cellular swelling.
causes no fluid gain or loss by cells.
has the same solute concentration as the blood.
causes no fluid gain or loss by cells.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following responses would you expect to see when fluid volume is too low? Select all that apply.
Decreased antidiuretic hormone levels
Increased renin release
Increased natriuretic levels
Increased aldosterone
Decreased plasma concentration
Decreased antidiuretic hormone levels
Decreased plasma concentration
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following increase the likelihood for edema? Select all that apply.
Increased capillary
permeability
Decreased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased oncotic pressure
Hypoalbuminemia
Decreased plasma volume
Decreased oncotic pressure
Decreased hydrostatic pressure
Question 5 of 5
Which hormone is released when a fluid volume excess is present? Select all that apply.
Natriuretic peptide
Anti-diuretic hormone
Renin
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Natriuretic peptide
Question 1 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Type of IV given to reduce cellular swelling (Mannitol IV solution is an example)
HYPERTONIC ISOTONIC
Hypertonic
Tonicity
refers to the concentration difference across a semi-permeable membrane. A hypertonic solution is more concentrated than blood, thus hypertonic solutions pull water from the cells, reducing cell swelling.
Question 2 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
The pressure exerted by solutes in solution
ONCOTIC OSMOTIC
Osmotic
Osmotic pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by solutes in solution.
Question 3 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
The main determinant of plasma osmolarity
CALCIUM SODIUM
Sodium is the most abundant ion in the extracellular fluid. Therefore, the concentration of sodium is the primary determinant of plasma concentration.
Question 4 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream
ISOTONIC ONCOTIC
Oncotic pressure is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins. In the blood, albumin is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a primary determinant of oncotic pressure.
Question 5 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Standard IV solution used as a blood volume expander (0.9% NaCl is commonly used)
HYPERTONIC ISOTONIC
Tonicity is the difference in particle concentration across a membrane. An isotonic IV solution has the same concentration as intracellular fluid. With isotonic IV solutions, cells do not gain or lose fluid, but use of this IV solution adds to the total fluid volume of the body.
Question 6 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Type of edema in the lower extremities
DEPENDENT INDEPENDENT
Dependent edema is fluid accumulation underneath the skin. Most commonly, dependent edema develops in the lower extremities when a person is standing due to hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries.
Question 7 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Increases sodium and water retention by the kidneys
RENIN ALDOSTERONE
Aldosterone is released by the adrenal glands, and the target for aldosterone is the kidneys. Aldosterone stimulates sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys, increasing fluid volume.
Question 8 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
The main intracellular cation
POTASSIUM MAGNESIUM
Due the action of the sodium-potassium ATP pump, which transports potassium into the cell, the main intracellular cation is potassium.
Question 9 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Fluid sequestration in the body cavities
PITTING EDEMA THIRD SPACE ACCUMULATION
Third space accumulation results from loss of fluid from the vascular space that becomes trapped in body compartments, such as the peritoneum.
Question 10 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Excreted in response to fluid volume overload
ALDOSTERONE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
Natriuretic peptides are hormonal signals released by the brain and heart in response to excess fluid in the body. These signals increase urine output and reduce fluid volume.
Question 11 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Characterized by excess fluid in interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments
DEHYDRATION EDEMA
. Edema is fluid accumulation, most commonly in the interstitial space between cells. Edema may be due to increased fluid loss by the vascular system or lymph blockage preventing removal of fluid from the interstitial space
Question 12 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Diminished water volume in intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
DEHYDRATION THIRD SPACE ACCUMULATION
Loss of fluid volume from the intracellular and extracellular compartments is known as dehydration. Cell shrinkage, tachycardia, and hypotension may accompany dehydration.
Question 13 of 13
Think fast! Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.
Occurs when application of pressure over a bony area leaves an indentation
PITTING EDEMA DEPENDENT EDEMA
When fluid accumulates under the skin due to edema and pressure is applied to this area, a "pit" or indentation may remain for a few moments after the pressure is removed. The formation of this indentation is known as "pitting edema" and is due to displacement of the fluids by the pressure applied.
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statements is correct?
Water in the body can only move from intracellular fluid (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF), not ECF to ICF.
Water is repelled by albumin.
Water is attracted to sodium.
Water cannot cross the plasma
membrane.
Water movement is unaffected by solute concentration.
Water is attracted to sodium.
Question 2 of 5
A young male arrives at the emergency department having suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. To reduce swelling of the brain's cells, a __________________ IV solution is administered.
hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic
hypertonic
Question 3 of 5
In conditions of fluid volume deficit, which of the following would you expect to be elevated? Select all that apply.
antidiuretic hormone
renin
plasma osmolarity
natriuretic peptide
risk for edema
ADH
Renin
Plasma Osmolarity
Question 4 of 5
A client has fluid volume excess and has gained 2 kg of weight. Which are the symptoms the client might exhibit due to fluid volume excess? Select all that apply.
Hypotension
Third space accumulation
Edema
Thirst
Elevated heart rate
Third space accumulation
Edema
Question 5 of 5
Because of poor preparation and planning, two individuals are transported to the emergency department with severe dehydration following a hike in a mountainous desert area. Which of the following do you expect to be elevated in these individuals?
Body weight
Antidiuretic hormone levels
Blood pressure
Natriuretic peptide
Parasympathetic activation
Antidiuretic hormone levels
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Verified answer
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Verified answer
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