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Photo by Brandy Sites Sharps Injuries: Bloodborne PathogensBloodborne pathogens and workplace sharps injuriesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are three of the most common bloodborne pathogens from which health care workers are at risk. However, bloodborne pathogens are implicated in the transmissions of more than 20 other pathogens (Beltrami et al 2000external icon). Today, co-infection with multiple bloodborne diseases and multi-drug resistant organisms, including HIV, hepatitis B or C, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and co-morbidities associated with diabetes means that occupational exposure to health care workers can carry an even greater risk than in years past. Health care workers are potentially exposed to these diseases in one of two ways:
When personal protective equipment is not readily available or accessible, employees are less likely to wear it. This puts them at risk of exposure to blood and body fluids and vulnerability to bloodborne pathogens. OverviewHepatitis B virus can cause serious liver damage and death. Symptoms include jaundice, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. Approximately five percent of adult patients develop chronic infection with hepatitis B, which carries an estimated 20 percent lifetime risk of dying from cirrhosis and 6 percent risk of dying from liver cancer. Individuals infected with HBV at birth have a much higher likelihood of chronic infection, with approximately 90 percent of infants and 25–50 percent of children aged one to five years remaining chronically infected with HBV after initial infection. According to the CDC, new cases of HBV have not been trending either up or down since 2012, but rather have been fluctuating at around 3,000 new cases per year. In 2016, there were 3,218 cases reported to CDC. After adjusting for under-ascertainment and under-reporting, the estimated number of new HBV infections in 2016 was 20,900. Risk of injury and transmissionThe chance of becoming infected with hepatitis B from a sharps injury is estimated to be between six and 30 percent. National hepatitis surveillance data shows that approximately 400 health care workers became infected with HBV in 2001. This figure represented a 95 percent decline from the 17,000 new infections estimated in 1983. The decline was largely due to the widespread immunization of health care workers with hepatitis B vaccine and the use of universal precautions and other measures required by OSHA. As mentioned above, the CDC no longer collects post-exposure seroconversion data on occupationally acquired HBV. Have you taken OSHA bloodborne pathogen (BBP) test? How much do you remember about bloodborne pathogens and how you can protect yourself from infection? Test your knowledge with this OSHA bloodborne pathogens test! Before you begin, here is a quick
review of what bloodborne pathogen are, in case you have forgotten. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), “Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).” According to Eugene School District, “Bloodborne Pathogens can be transmitted when blood or body fluid from an infected person enters another person’s body via needle-sticks, human bites, cuts, abrasions, or through mucous membranes. Any body fluid with blood is potentially infectious. Also, semen, vaginal secretions and saliva in dental procedures are considered potentially infected body fluids.” Ready to Take the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Test?1. Bloodborne pathogens may enter your system through: a) Skin abrasions 2. If you are exposed to potentially infectious materials (PIM) while working, you may request a vaccine for which bloodborne disease? a) Syphilis 3. When discussing the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard, what are the main diseases of concern? a) HIV, HBV, HCV 4. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is: a) A virus that does not currently have a cure, but can be controlled with medication 5. The term universal precautions refers to: a) Wearing sunblock before sun exposure 6. If you wear gloves while handling PIMs, it is not necessary to wash your hands afterwards. a) True 7. Which of the following may contain bloodborne pathogens? And Now For the Answers to the Test!How do you think you did? Let’s find out! 1. Bloodborne pathogens may enter your system through: d) All of the above — skin abrasions, open cuts, mucous membranes 2. If you are exposed to potentially infectious materials (PIM) while working, you may request a vaccine for which bloodborne disease? b) Hepatitis B 3. When discussing the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard, what are the main diseases of concern? a) HIV, HBV, HCV 4. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is: d) both A and C — a virus that does not currently have a cure, but can be controlled with medication, and the virus that causes AIDS 5. The term universal precautions refers to… c) Treating all body fluids as if they are infectious 6. If you wear gloves while handling PIM, it is not necessary to wash your hands afterwards. b) False 7. Which of the following may contain bloodborne pathogens? d) All of the above — vaginal secretions, semen, saliva with traces of blood. Aftermath Effectively Remove the Risk of Bloodborne PathogensFor anyone who works with blood, body fluids, or biohazardous waste, completing OSHA BBP training is essential to your occupational health and safety. For anyone who is faced with a bloodspill that he or she feels is too large to handle on his or her own, Aftermath can help. All of Aftermath’s technicians complete OSHA bloodborne pathogen training and can provide proof of compliance with this 28-point checklist. We are available to assist you 24/7, call us anytime. ———- Sources: OSHA: https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_BloodborneFacts/bbfact01.pdf Which is not a common transmission route for bloodborne pathogens?Unlike some infectious diseases, bloodborne pathogens are not spread by casual contact such as handshakes, hugging, doorknobs, or use of the same equipment like toilets or water fountains.
What is the route of transmission for bloodborne pathogens?For a bloodborne pathogen to be spread, the bodily fluids of an infected person must enter into the bloodstream of another person. The most common cause of transmission in the workplace is when an infected person's blood enters another person's bloodstream through an open wound.
What are the 4 most common blood borne pathogens?Bloodborne Infectious Diseases: HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C. Exposures to blood and other body fluids occur across a wide variety of occupations.
What are the most common bloodborne pathogens transmitted?Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are three of the most common bloodborne pathogens from which health care workers are at risk. However, bloodborne pathogens are implicated in the transmissions of more than 20 other pathogens (Beltrami et al 2000 ).
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Which of the following is not a common transmission route for blood-borne pathogens
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