Which patient would have the most risk factors for gestational diabetes quizlet

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Pregnant women with any of the following characteristics appear to be at increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus; the risk is additive when multiple risk factors are present:
●Personal history of impaired glucose tolerance, A1C ≥5.7 percent, impaired fasting glucose, or gestational diabetes mellitus in a previous pregnancy.
●Member of one of the following ethnic groups, which have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes: Hispanic American, African American, Native American, South or East Asian, Pacific Islander
●Family history of diabetes, especially in first-degree relatives.
●Prepregnancy weight ≥110 percent of ideal body weight or BMI >30 kg/m2, significant weight gain in early adulthood and between pregnancies, or excessive gestational weight gain during the first 18 to 24 weeks.
●Older maternal age (>25 or 30 years of age).
●Previous unexplained perinatal loss or birth of a malformed infant.
●Glycosuria at the first prenatal visit.
●Previous birth of an infant ≥4000 g (approximately 9 pounds).
●High density lipoprotein <35 mg/dL (0.90 mmol/L), triglyceride >250 mg/dL (2.82 mmol/L).
●Medical condition/setting associated with development of diabetes, such as metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, current use of glucocorticoids, hypertension or cardiovascular disease, acanthosis nigricans.
●Multiple gestation.

Most of the commonly used screening and diagnostic tests involve drinking a glucose-containing beverage followed by blood glucose measurement; none of these tests are associated with serious harmful maternal or fetal effects. However, some women find the hyperosmolar drinks difficult to tolerate. If gestational diabetes mellitus is diagnosed, management involves changes in diet, an increased frequency of prenatal visits, blood glucose monitoring, possible pharmacologic therapy, additional maternal and fetal monitoring, and possibly an increased risk for induction. As with all screening tests, which are designed to screen positive more individuals than actually have the disease, there is the possibility of misdiagnosis. Misdiagnosis of gestational diabetes can lead to heightened maternal anxiety, an increase in pregnancy interventions, and implementation of treatment without clear benefit to the woman and her offspring.

Which patient would have the most risk factors for gestational diabetes?

When most patients tend to develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy?

What are the risk of having gestational diabetes during pregnancy?