The test defines personality as
an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
which of the following places the greatest emphasis on he unconscious mind?
the psychoanalytic perspective
Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Freud
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods of reducing
Neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney believed that
Freud placed too great an emphasis on sexual and aggressive instincts.
Research on locus of control indicates that internals are___ than externals
better able to cope with stress
What 2 dimensions of personality have the Eysencks emphasized?
extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability
with regard to personality, it appears that
there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next but significant consistency of traits over the life
spanThe humanistic perspective on personality
emphasizes the growth potential of "healthy" individuals
according to rogers three conditions are necessary to promote growth in personality. these are
genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
Regarding self-serving bias, psychologists who study the self have found that self-affirming thinking:
Is generally adaptive to individuals because it reduces shyness, anxiety and loneliness
Which of Freud's ideas would NOT be accepted by most contemporary psychologists?
Development is essentially fixed in childhood
Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test have been criticized because
they have low reliability and low validity
a major criticism of trait theory is that it
overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations
For humanistic psychologists, many of our behaviors and perceptions are ultimately shaped by whether our __ is ___ or ___
self concept, positive, negative
In studying personality, a trait theorist would MOST LIKELY
Use a personality inventory
Id is to ego as _____ is to _____
pleasure principle, reality principle
Which of the following is a major criticism of the social-cognitive perspective?
It focuses too little on the inner traits of a person
Recent research has provided more support for defense mechanisms such as _____ than for defense mechanisms such as ______
Reaction formation, displacement
Some contemporary researchers are focusing their work on:
which personality theory emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the environment in shaping personality
according to freud's theory. personality arises in response to conflicts between
our biological impulses and the social restraints against them
The ____ classifies people according to Carl Jung's personality types
Myers-Briggs Type indicator
Seligman has found that humans and animals who are exposed to aversive events they cannot escape may develop
Research has shown that individuals who are made to feel insecure are subsequently
an example of self serving bias described in the text is the tendency of people to
accept more responsibility fir successes than
failuresThe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is an
empirically derived and objective personality test
Describe and classify people in terms of their predispositions to behave in certain ways
with which if the following statements would a social cognitive psychologist agree
people with an internal locus of control achieve more in
schoolWhich of the following statements about self esteem is NOT correct?
people with low self esteem tend to be nonconformists
The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the:
Which of the following is a common criticism of the humanistic perspective?
Concepts are vague and subjective Emphasis on self encourages selfishness in individuals Humanism fails to appreciate the reality of evil in human behavior
In studying personality, a social-cognitive theorist would most likely make use of
observing behavior in different situations
difference between psychoanalytic and trait perspectives is that
trait theory defines personality in terms of behavior; psychoanalytic theory, in terms of its underlying dynamics
trait theory describes behavior but does not attempt to explain it
psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the origins of personality in childhood sexuality
The Big Five personality factors are
emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness
which of the following was not mentioned in the text as a criticism of Freud's theory
there is no evidence of anything like an unconscious
According to Freud, (blank) is the process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their (blank)
Identification, superegos
Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
in promoting personality growth, the person centered perspective emphasizes all but
research on the big five personality factors provides evidence that
some tendencies decrease during adulthood, while other
increaseProfessor Minton believes that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies. Evidently, Professor Minton is a proponent of
the humanistic perspective
A psychoanalyst would characterize a person who is impulsive and self indulgent as possessing a strong (blank) and a weak (blank)
because ramona identifies with her politically conservative parents, she chose to enroll in a conservative school. after four years in the environment, ramonas politics have become even more conservative. which perspective best accounts for the mutual influences of ramonas upbringing choice of school and political viewpoint?
Jill has a biting, sarcastic manner. According to Freud, she is
fixated in the oral stage of development
James attributes his failing grade in chemistry to an unfair final exam. His attitude exemplifies
The behavior of many people has been described in terms of a spotlight effect. This means that they
overestimate the extent to which other people are noticing them
Because you have a relatively low level of brain arousal, a trait theorist would suggest that you are an__who would naturally seek___
A psychologist at the campus mental health center administered an empirically derived personality test to diagnose an emotionally troubled student. Which test did the psychologist most likely administer?
The personality test Teresa is taking involves viewing random patterns of dots and then describing what the patterns look like. What type of test is she taking?
Dr. Gonzalez believes that most students can be classified as "Type A" or "Type B" according to the intensities of their personalities and competitiveness. Evidently, Dr. Gonzalez is working within the _____ perspective.
Isaiah is sober and reserved; Rashid is fun-loving and affectionate. The Eysencks would say that Isaiah _____ and Rashid _____.
is an introvert; is an extravert
In high school, Britta and Debbie were best friends. They thought they were a lot alike, as did everyone else who knew them. After high school, they went on to very different colleges, careers, and life courses. Now, at their twenty-fifth reunion, they are shocked at how little they have in common. Bandura would suggest that their differences reflect the interactive effects of environment, personality, and behavior, which he refers to as
For his class presentation, Bruce plans to discuss the Big Five personality factors used by people throughout the world to describe others or themselves. Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five factors?
Dayna is not very consistent in showing up for class and turning in assignments when they are due. Research studies would suggest that Dayna's inconsistent behavior
is not necessarily unusual
Andrew's grandfather, who has lived a rich and productive life, is a spontaneous, loving, and self-accepting person. Maslow might say that he
a self-actualizing person
The school psychologist believes that having a positive self-concept is necessary before students can achieve their potential. Evidently, the school psychologist is working within the ________ perspective
Wanda wishes to instill in her children an accepting attitude toward other people. Maslow and Rogers would probably recommend that she
teach her children first to accept themselves
Suzy bought a used, high-mileage automobile because it was all she could afford. Attempting to justify her purchase, she raves to her friends about the car's attractiveness, good acceleration, and stereo. According to Freud, Suzy is using the defense mechanism of
During the class discussion, Trevor argues that positive psychology is sure to wane in popularity because it suffers from the same criticisms as humanistic psychology. You counter his argument by pointing out that, unlike humanistic psychology, positive psychology