Which sociological perspective distinguishes between instrumental and expressive roles in the family?

Expressive roles and task roles, also known as instrumental roles, describe two ways of participating in social relationships. People in expressive roles tend to pay attention to how everyone is getting along, managing conflict, soothing hurt feelings, encouraging good humor, and take care of things that contribute to one’s feelings within the social group. People in task roles, on the other hand, pay more attention to achieving whatever goals are important to the social group, like earning money to provide resources for survival, for example. Sociologists believe that both roles are required for small social groups to function properly and that each provides a form of leadership: functional and social.

Inhaltsverzeichnis Show

Parsons's Domestic Division of Labor
A Broader Understanding and Application
Chap 11 - 16
Which sociological perspective makes a distinction between instrumental and expressive roles?
Which sociological perspective would acknowledge that is not possible to change gender roles drastically without revising a culture's social structure?
What are expressive and instrumental roles?
How would a conflict theorist explain Coverture?

Parsons's Domestic Division of Labor

How sociologists understand expressive roles and task roles today is rooted in Talcott Parsons' development of them as concepts within his formulation of the domestic division of labor. Parsons was a mid-century American sociologist, and his theory of the domestic division of labor reflects gender role biases that proliferated at that time and that are often considered "traditional," though there's scant factual evidence to back up this assumption.

Parsons is known for popularizing the structural functionalist perspective within sociology, and his description of expressive and task roles fits within that framework. In his view, assuming heteronormative and patriarchally organized nuclear family unit, Parsons framed the man/husband as fulfilling the instrumental role by working outside the home to provide the money required to support the family. The father, in this sense, is instrumental or task-oriented --he accomplishes a specific task (earning money) that is required for the family unit to function.

In this model, the woman/wife plays a complementary expressive role by serving as the caregiver for the family. In this role, she is responsible for the primary socialization of the children and provides morale and cohesion for the group through emotional support and social instruction.

A Broader Understanding and Application

Parsons' conceptualization of expressive and task roles was limited by stereotypical ideas about gender, heterosexual relationships, and unrealistic expectations for family organization and structure, however, freed of these ideological constraints, these concepts have value and are usefully applied to understanding social groups today.

If you think about your own life and relationships, you can probably see that some people clearly embrace the expectations of either expressive or task roles, while others might do both. You might even notice that you and others around you seem to move between these different roles depending on where they are, what they are doing, and who they are doing it with.

People can be seen to be playing these roles in all small social groups, not just families. This can be observed within friend groups, households that are not composed of family members, sports teams or clubs, and even among colleagues in a workplace setting. Regardless of the setting, one will see people of all genders playing both roles at various times.

Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

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Chap 11 - 16

Question	Answer
Both males and females are physically capable of learning to cook and sew, yet most Western societies determine that women should perform these tasks. This illustrates the operation of	gender roles
An important element in traditional views of proper “masculine” and “feminine” behavior is fear of homosexuality. This fear, along with accompanying prejudice, is referred to as	homophobia
The most crucial agents of socialization in teaching gender roles in the United States are	parents
Research by anthropologist Margaret Mead has shown that	cultural conditioning is the most important factor in determining the social roles of males and females.
Which sociological perspective would acknowledge that it is not possible to change gender roles drastically without dramatic revisions in a culture’s social structure?	functionalist perspective and conflict perspective
The term sexism is generally used to refer to	male prejudice and discrimination against women.
Which of these statements is true?	Women in the United States are more likely than men to attend college.
Which sociological perspective distinguishes between instrumental and expressive roles?	functionalist perspective
Contemporary feminists recognize the differential treatment of some women not only because of their gender, but also because of their	race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status
The sense of sisterhood that became evident during the rise of the contemporary feminist movement resembled the Marxist concept of	class consciousness. .
Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales contend that women take the ____________________, emotionally supportive role in the family and that men take the ____________________, practical role, with the two complementing each other.	expressive, instrumental
A significant component of the ____________________ approach to gender stratification draws on feminist theory.	confict
All the major institutions of our society—including the government, the armed forces, large corporations, the media, universities, and the medical establishment—are controlled by men. This situation is symptomatic of institutional_______	discrimination
Women from all groups and men from minority groups sometimes encounter attitudinal or organizational bias that prevents them from reaching their full potential. This is known as the ____________________ ____________________.	glass ceiling
15. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild has used the phrase ____________________ ____________________ to describe the double burden that many women face and few men share equitably: work outside the home followed by child care and housework.	second shift
Within the general framework of their theory, ____________________ sociologists maintain that gender differentiation has contributed to overall social stability.	funtionalist
Through the rise of contemporary ____________________, women are developing a greater sense of group solidarity.	feminism
____________________ contributes significantly to rigid gender-role socialization, since many people stereotypically associate male homosexuality with femininity and lesbianism with masculinity.	homophobia
The term ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ was coined by feminist theorist Patricia Hill Collins to describe the convergence of social forces that contributes to the subordinate status of poor, non-White women.	matrix of domination
The author of the pioneering argument for women’s rights, The Feminine Mystique, was ____________________ ____________________.	Betty Friedan
Most recent research on ability grouping raises questions about its	effectiveness, especially for lower-achieving students..
Fifty years ago, a high school diploma was the minimum requirement for entry into the paid labor force of the United States. Today, a college diploma is virtually the bare minimum. This change reflects the process of	credentialism.
Samuel Bowles & Herbert Gintis have argued that capitalism requires a skilled, disciplined labor force and that the educational system of the US is structured with that objective in mind. Citing numerous studies, they offer support for what they call	the correspondence principle
The teacher-expectancy effect is most closely associated with	the interactionist perspective
Which of the following sociologists stressed the social impact of religion and was perhaps the first to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies?	Emile Durkheim
A Roman Catholic parish church offers services in the native language of an immigrant community. This practice is an example of	the integrative function of religion.
The use of a church, primarily Roman Catholic, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice evident in a secular society is referred to as	liberation theology
The Adam and Eve account of creation found in Genesis, the first book of the Old Testament, is an example of a religious	belief
Which of the following is not an example of an ecclesia?	the Episcopal Church in the United States
John Calvin, a leader of the Protestant Reformation, emphasized	a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, a rational orientation to life
In the past, the integrative function of education was most obvious through its emphasis on promoting a common ______________________ .	language
Schools perform a variety of ______________________ functions, such as transmitting culture, promoting social and political integration, and maintaining social control.	latent
Sociologist ______________________ ______________________ points out that better-educated people tend to have greater access to information, to hold more diverse opinions, and to possess the ability to make subtle distinctions in analysis.	Robin Williams
The ______________________ encompasses elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, and even fear, as compared to the ______________________ , which includes the ordinary and the commonplace.	sacred, profane
Religion defines the spiritual world and gives meaning to the divine. These are ______________________ functions of religion.	manifest
______________________ is the largest single faith in the world; the second largest is ______________________ .	Christianity, Islam
Because they are ______________________ , most religions tend to reinforce men’s dominance in secular as well as spiritual matters.	patriarchal
The single largest denomination in the United States is ______________________ ______________________ .	Roman Catholicism
Unlike ecclesiae and denominations, ______________________ require intensive commitments and demonstrations of belief by members.	sects
A ______________________ ______________________ is an experimental school that is developed and managed outside the public school system.	charter school
Which two basic types of economic system distinguish contemporary industrial societies?	capitalism and socialism
According to the discussion of capitalism in the text, which of the following statements is true?	a. The means of production are held largely in private hands. b. The main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. c. The degree to which the government regulates private ownership and economic activity will vary.
G. William Domhoff’s model is an example of a(n)	elite theory of power.
In terms of voter turnout, the United States typically ranks	lowest among industrialized nations
What are the three basic sources of power within any political system?	force, influence, and authority
Which of the following is not part of the classification system of authority developed by Max Weber?	pluralist authority
According to C. Wright Mills, power rests in the hands of the	power elite
The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants is called	deindustrialization. .
Sociologists and labor specialists foresee a workforce increasingly composed of	a. women. b. racial minorities. c. ethnic minorities.
Currently, ______________________ ______________________ refers to positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities.	affirmative action
The principle of ______________________ ______________________, as expounded and endorsed by the British economist Adam Smith, was the prevailing form of capitalism immediately following the Industrial Revolution.	laissez-faire
Under ______________________, the means of production and distribution in a society are collectively rather than privately owned, and the basic objective of the economic system is to meet people’s needs rather than to maximize profits.	socialism
______________________ is an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made based on people’s ability to produce.	Communism
______________________ theorists point out that while pure monopolies are not a basic element of the economy of the United States, competition is much more restricted than one might expect in what is called a free enterprise system.	Conflict
Some capitalist nations, such as the United States, outlaw ______________________ through antitrust legislation.	monopolies
The elite model of political power implies that the United States has a(n) ______________________ as its form of government.	oligarchy
Sexism has been the most serious barrier to women interested in holding public office. To remedy this situation, many countries have adopted ______________________ for female representatives.	quotas
______________________ is the exercise of power through a process of persuasion.	Influence
The United States is commonly classified as a(n) ______________________ ______________________, because the elected members of Congress and state legislatures make our laws.	representative democracy
Advocates of the ______________________ model suggest that competing groups within the community have access to government, so that no single group is dominant.	pluralist
Which sociologist developed the concept of the sick role?	Talcott Parsons
Regarding health care inequities, the conflict perspective would note that	emigration out of the Third World by physicians is yet another way that the world’s core industrialized nations enhance their quality of life at the expense of developing countries.
Which one of the following nations has the lowest infant mortality rate?	Sweden
Compared with Whites, Blacks have higher death rates from	a. heart disease. b. diabetes. c. cancer.
Which theorist notes that capitalist societies, such as the United States, care more about maximizing profits than they do about the health and safety of industrial workers?	Karl Marx
Which program is essentially a compulsory health insurance plan for the elderly?	Medicare
Which of the following is a criticism of the sick role?	judges may be due to gend,age,socialclass, ethnic group. more applicable to those exp short illness than those w/ longterm, even simple factors as whether a person is employed or not seem to affect the persons williness to assume the sick role.
Which of the following terms do conflict theorists use in referring to the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control?	medicalization of society
Which of the following approaches stresses the alignment of environmentally favorable practices with economic self-interest?	ecological modernization
Conflict theorists would contend that blaming developing countries for the world’s environmental deterioration contains an element of	ethnocentrism
A ____________________ ____________________ studies the effects of social class, race and ethnicity, gender, and age on the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health across a population.	social epidemiologist
From a(n) ____________________ perspective, “being sick” must be controlled so as to ensure that not too many people are released from their societal responsibilities at any one time.	functionalist
The immigration to the United States and other industrialized nations of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed by their home countries is known as the ____________________ ____________________.	brain drain
Traditionally, the relationship between doctors and nurses has paralleled ____________________ dominance of the larger society.	male
Sociologists find it useful to consider ____________________ rates because they reveal that a specific disease occurs more frequently among one segment of a population compared with another.	morbidity
The system of reimbursement used by Medicare has contributed to the controversial practice of “____________________,” under which patients whose treatment may be unprofitable are transferred by private hospitals to public facilities.	dumping
As defined by the World Health Organization, ____________________ is a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.”	health
The biologist ____________________ ____________________ blames environmental degradation primarily on technological innovations such as plastics and pesticides.	Barry Commoner
Regarding environmental problems, four broad areas of concern stand out: ____________________ pollution, ____________________ pollution, ____________________ ____________________, and ____________________.	air, water, global warning, globalization
____________________ ____________________ is a legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards.	Environmental justice
You are a student and do not own a car. All your close friends who are attending your college or university have vehicles of their own. You feel downtrodden and dissatisfied. You are experiencing	relative deprivation
It takes more than desire to start a social movement; it helps to have money, political influence, access to the media, and workers. The ways in which a social movement uses such things are referred to collectively as	resource mobilization
Karl Marx held that leaders of social movements must help workers overcome feelings of	false consciousness
Organized collective activities that promote autonomy and self-determination, as well as improvements in the quality of life, are referred to as	new social movements
The text cites which of the following as a recognized definition of social change?	a significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture
Nineteenth-century theories of social change reflect the pioneering work in biological evolution done by	Charles Darwin
According to Talcott Parsons’s equilibrium model, during which process do social institutions become more specialized in their purposes?	adaptive upgrading
Which of the following statements regarding Karl Marx is not true?	Marx accepted Parsons’s equilibrium model, which states that as changes occur in one part of society, there must be adjustments in other parts if stability is to be maintained.
Which of the following terms did William F. Ogburn use to refer to the period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions?	culture lag
Which sociological perspective sees transnationals as a way for economies to maximize their use of human labor?	functionalist
____________________ ____________________ are organized collective activities to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society.	Social Movements
A person suffering from relative deprivation is dissatisfied because he or she feels downtrodden relative to some appropriate ____________________ group.	reference
Early evolutionary theorists concluded in a(n) ____________________ fashion that their own behavior and culture were more advanced than those of earlier civilizations.	ethnocentric
Talcott Parsons used the term ____________________ to refer to the increasing complexity of social organization.	differentiation
Social economist Thorstein Veblen coined the term ____________________ ____________________ to refer to those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change.	vested interests
The term ______ refers to those who are wary of tech innovations, and who question the incessant expansion of industrialization, the increasing destruction of the natural and agrarian world, and the “throw-it-away” mentality of contemporary capitalism.	neo-luddites
In 2001, one mon after the attacks of 9/11, Congress passed the ______ Act, which relaxed existing legal checks on surveillance by law enforcement officers. Fed agencies are now free to gather data elect, including CC receipts and banking records.	Patriot
The ____________________ is the world’s largest computer network.	internet
In developing countries, ____________________ ____________________ are a less expensive way of furthering agriculture than biotechnology.	cell phones
The ____________________ perspective would stress the danger that the most powerful groups in a society will use technology to violate the privacy of the less powerful.	conflict
Define Resource mobilization	The ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel. (396)
Define Culture lag	A period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions. (403)
Define Elite model	A view of society as being ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests. (352)
A _________ is An immigrant who sustains multiple social relationships that link his or her society of origin with the society of settlement. (411)	Transnational
An ________ (plural, ecclesiae) is a religious organization that claims to include most or all members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion.	ecclesia
Marx accepted the________ argument that societies develop along a particular path.	evolutionary
Marx _______ Parsons’s equilibrium model, which states that as changes occur in one part of society, there must be adjustments in other parts if stability is to be maintained.	DID NOT
Define Matrix of domination	The cumulative impact of oppression because of race and ethnicity, gender, and social class, as well as religion, sexual orientation, disability, age, and citizenship status. (266)

Which sociological perspective makes a distinction between instrumental and expressive roles?

Functionalists examine the division of labor within a family by distinguishing between instrumental and expressive roles.

Sociology Exam 11-15.

What are expressive and instrumental roles?

the women have an expressive role, meaning that she should care, love and provide affection care and everything that a family member will need. whereas the mean have an instrumental role and are the breadwinner of the family.

How would a conflict theorist explain Coverture?

How would a conflict theorist explain coverture? It acted to ensure that mothers and their children were cared for by society if the father died. It ensured male power one females in society by removing more of their rights.

Which sociological perspective distinguishes between instrumental and expressive roles in the family?

Parsons's Domestic Division of Labor

A Broader Understanding and Application

Chap 11 - 16

Which sociological perspective makes a distinction between instrumental and expressive roles?

What are expressive and instrumental roles?

How would a conflict theorist explain Coverture?

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Which sociological perspective distinguishes between instrumental and expressive roles in the family?

Parsons's Domestic Division of Labor

A Broader Understanding and Application

Chap 11 - 16

Which sociological perspective makes a distinction between instrumental and expressive roles?

Which sociological perspective would acknowledge that is not possible to change gender roles drastically without revising a culture's social structure?

What are expressive and instrumental roles?

How would a conflict theorist explain Coverture?

zusammenhängende Posts

NEUESTEN NACHRICHTEN

Populer

Um

Legal

Hilfe

Sozial