Which statement about the General Agreement on tariffs and Trades GATT is false?

WTO and GATT – are they the same?

Inhaltsverzeichnis Show

The main differences
Step-by-step explanation
Which of the following statements is true of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT?
Which of the following is correct about GATT?
What is the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT role?
Which of the following is a difference between the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT and the World Trade Organization WTO )?

No. They are different — the WTO is GATT plus a lot more.

Two GATTS

It is probably best to be clear from the start that the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was two things: (1) an international agreement, i.e. a document setting out the rules for conducting international trade, and (2) an international organization created later to support the agreement. The text of the agreement could be compared to law, the organization was like parliament and the courts combined in a single body.

As its history shows, the attempt to create a fully fledged international trade agency in the 1940s failed. But GATT's drafters agreed that they wanted to use the new rules and disciplines, if only provisionally. Then government officials needed to meet to discuss issues related to the agreement, and to hold trade negotiations. These needed secretarial support, leading to the creation of an ad hoc organization — that continued to exist for almost half a century.

GATT, the international agency, no longer exists. It has now been replaced by the World Trade Organization.

The main differences

GATT was ad hoc and provisional. The General Agreement was never ratified in members' parliaments, and it contained no provisions for the creation of an organization.

The WTO and its agreements are permanent. As an international organization, the WTO has a sound legal basis because members have ratified the WTO agreements, and the agreements themselves describe how the WTO is to function.

The WTO has "members". GATT had "contracting parties", underscoring the fact that officially GATT was a legal text.

GATT dealt with trade in goods. The WTO covers services and intellectual property as well.

The WTO dispute settlement system is faster, more automatic than the old GATT system. Its rulings cannot be blocked.

GATT, the agreement, does still exist, but it is no longer the main set of rules for international trade. And it has been updated.

What happened? When GATT was created after the Second World War, international commerce was dominated by trade in goods. Since then, trade in services — transport, travel, banking, insurance, telecommunications, transport, consultancy and so on — has become much more important. So has trade in ideas — inventions and designs, and goods and services incorporating this "intellectual property".

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade always dealt with trade in goods, and it still does. It has been amended and incorporated into the new WTO agreements. The updated GATT lives alongside the new General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The WTO brings the three together within a single organization, a single set of rules and a single system for resolving disputes.

In short, the WTO is not a simple extension of GATT. It is much more.

So, the GATT is dead, long live the GATT!

While GATT no longer exists as an international organization, the GATT agreement lives on. The old text is now called "GATT 1947". The updated version is called "GATT 1994".

Moreover, GATT's key principles have been adopted by the agreements on services and intellectual property. These include non-discrimination, transparency and predictability. As the more mature WTO developed out of GATT, you could say that the child is the father of the man.

Source: the World Trade Organization web site, URL: http://www.wto.org/.

Asked by GeneralRockBee4 on coursehero.com

True or False
1. Signing a treaty or a convention necessarily constrains a domestic government's freedom to change policy in its own country. (pp. 6-8)
2. Many of the world's largest corporations refer the determination of their international commercial disputes to the International Court of Justice in The Hague, often referred to as the World Court. (p. 9)
3. The United Nations is the one global law-making and enforcement body in the world; it has the authority to make rules that must be obeyed by the world's trading nations. (p. 15)
4. A necessary corollary to the rise of supra-national organizations is some weakening of the power of the members' national governments. (p. 5)
5. International treaties usually have no fixed termination date, but continue for an indefinite period of time. (p. 11)
6. In Canada, no legislative concurrence is required prior to federal government ratification of a treaty; however, integration of treaty obligations into Canadian law generally requires domestic legislative approval. pp. 13-14)
7. In the US, Congress can modify or repeal treaties by subsequent legislative action, even if this modification amounts to a violation of the treaty. (p. 14)
8. The mandate of UNCITRAL (the UN Commission on International Trade Law) is to bring about the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade. (p. 17)
9. The Bretton Woods Institutions, established after World War II, were the World Bank, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the International Chamber of Commerce. (pp. 18-19)
10. Once signed, most treaties will require a signing country to pass implementing legislation before that signatory country can ratify the treaty. (p. 12)

Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following statements is correct? (pp. 12-13)
a. A treaty does not usually come into force until it is ratified.
b. The obligations contained in a treaty normally apply only to countries that have ratified the treaty.
c. Once a country has signed a treaty it is legally obliged to adhere to its provisions.
d. All of the above are correct.
e. Only (a) and (b) are correct.

2. Which of the following statements is correct? (p. 9)
a. A state cannot be required to appear before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) without that state's prior consent to the Court's jurisdiction.
b. Multinational companies often take their international trade disputes before the ICJ.
c. The rule of stare decisis (the court "stands by" its decision) applies to the ICJ and ensures uniformity and predictability in that Court.
d. All of the above are correct.
e. Only (a) and (b) are correct.

3. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals are composed of 17 goals and 169 targets with a focus on (p. 16)
a. Securing peace, ending hunger, and protecting human rights
b. Ending poverty, fighting inequities, and tackling climate change
c. Developing emerging economies, facilitating global trade, and ending conflict
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

4. The concept that only those who are parties to a contract can enforce the rights and obligations it contains is known as: (p. 13)
a. Bargain theory of contract
b. Breach of warranty
c. Calvo doctrine
d. Privity of contract
e. None of the above

5. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) (p. 18)
a. Monitors and economic and financial developments and policies in member countries
b. Provides technical assistance and training to countries in financial difficulty
c. Provides loans to member countries with balance-of-payment difficulties
d. All of the above are correct.
e. Only (a) and (b) are correct.

6. Law may be defined as follows: (p. 4)
a. A rule of civil conduct, prescribed by the supreme power in a state, commanding what is right and prohibiting what is wrong
b. A law is a rule that can be enforced by the courts
c. The law is a body of enacted or customary rules recognized by a community as binding
d. All of the above are correct.
e. Only (a) and (b) are correct.

7. Which principle underpins and is the foundation of international law? (p. 5)
a. Democracy
b. State sovereignty
c. International diplomacy
d. United Nations Charter
e. None of the above are correct.

8. A peremptory norm of customary international law, recognized by the international community of states as a norm from which no derogation is permitted: (p. 7)
a. Reciprocity
b. Countermeasures
c. Jus Cogens
d. Conflict of laws
e. None of the above are correct.

9. The term "soft law", is a term used by the international community to refer to non-binding yet highly persuasive documents that may include: (p. 8)
a. Draft multilateral treaties
b. United Nations General Assembly resolutions
c. Official communiques
d. All of the above are correct
e. Only (a) and (c) are correct.

10. Which organization serves as an advocate for world business and makes representations to governments and intergovernmental organizations, promoting choices favourable to the world business community? (p. 19)
a. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
b. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
c. International Trade Organization (ITO)
d. The Bretton Woods System
e. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

11. Canada's approach to treaty making and implementation includes: (p. 13)
a. Negotiate and sign only
b. Negotiate, sign and implement only
c. Sign, implement and ratify only
d. Negotiate, sign, implement and ratify
e. None of the above are correct.

12. Which of the following statements is correct: (p. 4)
a. Canada's primary sources of national or domestic law includes constitutional law that is found in our constitution acts of 1867 and 1982
b. Canada's primary sources of national or domestic law includes legislation passed by either the federal or provincial government
c. Canada's primary sources of national or domestic law includes the common law or judge-made law (sometimes described as case law) that we have inherited from the common law tradition of England
d. None of the above are correct
e. All of the above are correct.

13. Public international law may be defined as: (p. 5)
a. Law regulating the affairs of private persons
b. The law regulating relations among nations
c. A set of rules and principles that states follow when dealing with each other
d. Both (b) and (c) are correct
e. None of the above are correct.

14. Private international law is: (p. 5)
a. Also described as conflict of laws
b. Law regulating the affairs of private persons (including corporations)
c. Rules that are derived from practice and codified in treaties and conventions
d. All of the above are correct.
e. Both (a) and (b) are correct.

15. Retaliatory acts in response to illegal actions of another state are referred to as: (p. 10)
a. Naming and shaming
b. Retorsions
c. Countermeasures
d. Hard law
e. Ratification

Answered by rajabalyan149 on coursehero.com

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Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. 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Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam lacinia pulvin

Which of the following statements is true of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT?

Answer and Explanation: The correct answers are: 1) The GATT was established to reduce barriers to international trade. 2) The GATT was established in 1947.

Which of the following is correct about GATT?

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), signed on October 30, 1947, by 23 countries, was a legal agreement minimizing barriers to international trade by eliminating or reducing quotas, tariffs, and subsidies while preserving significant regulations.

What is the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT role?

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was set up to eliminate protectionism, get countries trading freely among themselves, and help restore economic prosperity following the devastation of World War II.

Which of the following is a difference between the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT and the World Trade Organization WTO )?

Which of the following is a difference between the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO)? The GATT does not cover Intellectual Property (IP) protection, whereas the WTO includes IP protection.

Which statement about the General Agreement on tariffs and Trades GATT is false?

The main differences

Step-by-step explanation

Which of the following statements is true of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT?

Which of the following is correct about GATT?

What is the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT role?

Which of the following is a difference between the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT and the World Trade Organization WTO )?

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