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Case Study, Chapter 23, Assessing Children: InfancyThrough Adolescence1. A nurse is about to create a teaching plan for an adolescent-aged childthatfocuses on anticipatory guidance, health promotion, and risk reduction.What topics should be included in the material? (Learning Objectives: 5)An adolescent-aged child needs a physical exam once a year withregularly scheduled immunizations. If the child has special needs,then it may be necessary for more frequent exams. This allows forroutine measurement of growth and development. The nurse canalso provide education about adjustments needed to promotehealth. Exercise and nutritional education are extremely importantto combat obesity and hypertension. The goal is to promote healthylifestyles to prolong a healthy life. Sex education includingabstinence and proper use of contraceptives help to prevent STIsand unplanned pregnancy. Alcohol, tobacco and drug education helpto promote a healthy lifestyle and prevent experimental use.
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Promoting good nap- and bedtime routines is an important part of an early years practitioner’s role, as Ruth Silverman explains…
Nội dung chính
- Bedtime routines
- How much is enough?
- How should nurses educate newborns?
- Why is it important to help children with sleep apnea?
- What is the role of a nurse in teaching children?
- How can I Help my Child’s sleep routine?
- What developmental intervention should the nurse provide to the parents of preschoolers?
- Which type of play should the nurse encourage for a preschool
- Which education about cranial radiation would the nurse provide to the parents of a child with leukemia?
- Which fears should the nurse include in a teaching session for the parents of a preschool
Early years professionals can do a lot to teach children and parents about healthy sleeping. It matters because good sleep allows children to learn, concentrate, grow and develop and means they are generally healthier and happier.
By contrast, poor sleepers often suffer from behavioural issues, attention difficulties, and problems with learning or memory and problem solving.
Frequent sleep deprivation can result in increased health issues such as lower immunity to illness and increased risk of obesity and can have a negative impact on growth and development.
Your role
All educators have a part to play in informing children about healthy lifestyles and making wise choices, and how to develop positive, lifelong health habits. We talk frequently about healthy eating and exercise, but how often do we think about sleep?
In truth, it’s an area that’s often neglected when thinking about children’s health and wellbeing, but talking and teaching about sleep and embedding good sleep habits is as vital as discussing eating healthily.
We all need sleep and it’s essential for babies and children to grow and develop. In early years settings, there is lots that early years settings can do to promote healthy sleep.
Create a rest area
There should be an area in your setting where babies and children can rest and sleep. Naps are vital for children in the early years, as they allow them to recharge in order to continue throughout the day.
The rest environment should be quiet and cool, and conform to safe sleeping practices (see The Lullaby Trust’s guidelines).
Explore
sleep rituals and routines
Recreating a child’s at-home sleep routine, where possible, can help babies and children relax and achieve optimal rest time when at your setting. You may find that offering a familiar toy or blanket to cuddle helps in this regard.
Record any naps
Naps are an important part of a baby or child’s sleep requirement, and it’s important to record any they have while in your setting. This can help staff and families to identify
changes – for example, if a child is sleeping more than usual in the setting, this can be an early sign of illness and should be shared with the family.
Help them explore sleep
Even at this young age, it’s useful to help children begin to understand the importance of, and make good choices about, sleep. Often the easiest starting point is thinking about the bedroom.
Children can talk about their bedroom at home or ideal bedrooms, about curtains, lights, books and toys. A bedroom could be set up in the role play area, and going to bed acted out. This can include putting toys to bed and thinking about bedtime routines.
Bedtime routines
The bedtime routine is the foundation for a good night’s sleep. Get this right and sleep onset should be easy. It includes what is happening in the hour before falling asleep with positive sleep associations.
Sleep associations are cues and triggers that children need to have to help them fall asleep. Sleep problems can occur when the association cannot be maintained throughout the night and the child wakes and cannot fall back to sleep.
Common sleep associations are a special toy to cuddle, a dummy or parent who stays with the child until they fall asleep.
When a child wakes in the night (we all wake around two or three times each night naturally) and finds the sleep association is no longer there, they are more likely to become fully awake and need help to go back to sleep.
Learning to self-settle can be tricky, but with the support of early years professionals it can become easier. Teaching children about good bedtime routines and sleep associations can empower them to choose healthy sleeping habits.
Below is an example of a good bedtime routine that should help children to fall asleep. Creating a display in your setting showing what a good bedtime routine looks like, can help parents too:
- Eating tea as a family.
- Quiet time in the evening – no TV, phones or tablets for at least an hour before bed, as this reduces production of melatonin, the hormone that helps us fall asleep.
- Bath or wash time.
- Story time in the bedroom, with low lights and curtains closed.
- Snuggled into bed with a favourite toy.
- A kiss goodnight.
- Lights out.
Discussing time, clocks and numbers offers an ideal opportunity to talk about nap/bedtimes and wake-up times in your setting and at home. Bedtime should be the same each night – it is also important to get up at the same time each day, to anchor and reset the body clock. Late nights and lie-ins can quickly lead to problems.
Supporting families
When a baby or child is not sleeping well at night, this usually means that neither are the parents. Deprived sleep can affect parenting, relationships, wellbeing and health.
It is important to support parents when they are implementing changes in sleeping practices and signpost them to early help to prevent long term effects for both children and parents.
How much is enough?
Below are the optimal sleep requirements for children aged from four months to 18 years, as set out by the American Academy Of Sleep Medicine (2016)...
- Infants aged 4 to 12 months: 12–16 hours of sleep (including naps)
- Children aged 1 to 2 years: 11–14 hours (including naps)
- Children aged 3 to 5 years: 10–13 hours (including naps)
- Children aged 6 to 12 years: 9–12 hours
- Teenagers aged 13 to 18 years: 8–10 hours
Ruth Silverman is a Queen’s Nurse, health visitor and sleep specialist. She has developed The Sleep Game – an interactive training game that helps professionals to learn all about key aspects of sleep. It can also be used to engage with parents during family events or when a child or family are having sleep problems. For more information on the game, visit sleepgame.co.uk.
- Subject: Sleep
How should nurses educate newborns?
When tasked with educating infants, nurses should focus on the caregivers and teach by role-playing important behaviors. The caregivers should be taught proper nutrition, sleep patterns, how to deal with diaper rash, and so forth.
Why is it important to help children with sleep apnea?
This can help staff and families to identify changes – for example, if a child is sleeping more than usual in the setting, this can be an early sign of illness and should be shared with the family. Even at this young age, it’s useful to help children begin to understand the importance of, and make good choices about, sleep.
What is the role of a nurse in teaching children?
Another very important part of teaching children is that when teaching young children, a nurse has to work very closely with the child's caretaker. This means the caretaker needs to learn a lot of pertinent information the child simply may not be able to grasp. When it comes to young children, realize that young children learn largely through play.
How can I Help my Child’s sleep routine?
Recreating a child’s at-home sleep routine, where possible, can help babies and children relax and achieve optimal rest time when at your setting. You may find that offering a familiar toy or blanket to cuddle helps in this regard.
What developmental intervention should the nurse provide to the parents of preschoolers?
5. What developmental intervention should the nurse provide to the parents of preschoolers? The nurse should educate the parents of preschoolers about reducing the risks of physical injuries at home and during play. The nurse should educate older adults about measures to reduce the risk of falls and other accidents.
Which type of play should the nurse encourage for a preschool
Which type of play should the nurse encourage for a preschool-age child that is hospitalized? Preschool-age children have active imaginations and dressing up to play house would be an appropriate play activity for the nurse to encourage.
Which education about cranial radiation would the nurse provide to the parents of a child with leukemia?
A 3-year-old child who has acute lymphoblastic leukemia is scheduled to receive cranial radiation. What should the nurse explain to the parents about radiation? It prevents central nervous system involvement.
Which fears should the nurse include in a teaching session for the parents of a preschool
Fears that often occur during the preschool stage of development include ghosts, the dark, large dogs, and objects associated with pain; therefore, the nurse should include this information in the teaching session with the parents during the health maintenance visit.