Purpose of review: To discuss the recent literature concerning the significance of respiratory complications as a determining factor in postoperative complications after major surgery. Although many studies have identified risk factors focusing on the prevention of respiratory complications, these complications continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Here, we will examine the diagnosis, contributing factors, consequences, and early treatment of respiratory complications. Show Recent findings: General anesthesia and surgery are the main causes of postoperative respiratory complications. Atelectasis, a common respiratory complication, may contribute to pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Recently, it has been shown that activation of abdominal muscles during the induction of anesthesia contributes to a reduction of lung capacity, leading to a higher degree of atelectasis. Additionally, long-term mortality at 5 and 10 years has recently been shown to remain significantly increased in patients with respiratory complications. Prevention or early therapy of respiratory complications may, therefore, be beneficial in improving outcome in postoperative patients. Summary: Postoperative respiratory complications may have significant deleterious consequences. Increasing the understanding of the underlying causes of respiratory complications and developing early treatment strategies will likely provide improved benefits. To date, early treatment with prophylactic or therapeutic continuous positive airway pressure has proved beneficial in an abdominal surgical patient population; however, the efficacy in a general population remains unclear. What is the most common respiratory disorder after surgery?Recent findings: General anesthesia and surgery are the main causes of postoperative respiratory complications. Atelectasis, a common respiratory complication, may contribute to pneumonia and acute respiratory failure.
What are common respiratory disorders related to post operative surgery?Postoperative respiratory complications (PRCs) are common, with incidence estimates of 3–7.9% in general surgery [1,2] and higher rates reported in lung surgery. The most important PRCs are reintubation, acute respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and atelectasis.
Why is there a risk of pneumonia after surgery?Pneumonia is caused by a viral, bacterial or fungal infection. These germs can enter your lungs through medical equipment. The types of germs found in hospitals can be resistant to drugs, and that makes them very dangerous. You can also be exposed to germs at home as you recover from your surgery.
What is a predisposing factor to postoperative aspiration?The risk factors for aspiration are: Type of endotracheal tube. Mechanical ventilation without PEEP. Presence of nasogastric tube (NGT) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
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Which type of surgery is most likely to predispose a patient to postoperative atelectasis pneumonia or respiratory failure *?
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