Expressed that criminal behavior was the product of "unconcious" forces operating within a person's mind. Show
"The English Convict: A Statistical Study" This book of Charles Goring concluded that there is no such thing as physical criminal type, instead, he found out using the 3,000 convicts as respondents that "defective intelligence" rather than physical characteristics was the main factor why a person commits a crime. This is the core reason of Goring in refuting Dr. Cesare Lombroso's theory of born criminal In his "Theory of Imitation" believed that people learn from one another through a process of imitation Psychodynamic or psychoanalytic psychology Proposed by vietnnese psychiatrist Sigmund Freud Who in 1913 published a book entitled "The English Convict: A Statistical Study" According to this group of theories, conflicts that occur at various psychosexual stagesnof development might impact an individual's ability to operate normally as an adult. Considered as one of the prominent theories in psychology, this theory holds that human personality is CONTROLLED by UNCONCIOUS mental processes developed in early childhood Dictates the needs and desires (Pleasure) Fixated later on in his life According to Freud, if the child meets conflict in any of the psychosexual stages of human develooment, he can become? Begins at the age of 6, during this period, feelings of sexuality are repressed Begins at puberty, this marks the beginning of adult sexuality Girls have sexual feelings for their fathers Males begin to have sexual feelings for their mothers Occurs during third year when children focus their attention on their genitals Second and third stage of life, the focus of sexual attention is on the elimination of bodily waste First stage of life according to Freud, child attains pleasure by sucking and biting It is the most basic human drive present at birth, it is the instinct to preserve and create life. It is expressed sexually Evaluates the reality of a position of these two extremes (reality principle). If the three components are PROPERLY BALANCED, the individual can lead to NORMAL LIFE, but if one aspect of the personality governs at the expense of the others, the individual exhibits ABNORMAL PERSONALITY TRAITS Counteracts the id by fostering feelings of morality (morality principle). It is divided into two parts: CONSCIENCE and EGO IDEAL Created Behavioral Theory Popularized the Behavioral Theory This theory is concerned with the study of observable behavior rather than unconscious processes. It focuses on particular stimulus and how people respond to that stimulus. It also maintaind that human actions are developed through learning experiences and that behavior is learned when it is rewarded and extinguished by negative reactions or punishment It is a branch of behavioral theory most relevant to criminology He created Social Learning Theory. He is a Canadian psychologist who argued that people are NOT actually born with the ability to acy violently but they learn to be aggressive through their life experiences. Bandura believed that violence as something learned through a process called? Is a branch of psychology that studies the PERCEPTION of reality and the mental process required to understand the world we live. Ones who can avoid antisocial behavior choices Contains several subgroups such as moral and intellectual development branch, which is concerned on how people morally represent and reason abouth the world Jean William Frits Piaget First to make a systematic study of the acquisition of understanding in children based on his Cognitive Development Theory Intergenerational Transmission Refers to socialization and social learning that helps to
explain the ways in which children growing up in violent family learn violent roles and subsequently may play out the roles of victim or victimizer in their own aduly families as adults Intergenerational Transmission Theory States that criminal and antisocial parents tend to have delinquent and antisocial children as shown in the classic longitudinal surveys by JOAN McCORD in Boston and LEE ROBINS in St. Louis Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development Where most extensive research on the concentration of offending in families was carried out? Focuses on assortative mating where female offenders tend to cohabit with or get married to male offenders Convicted people tend to choose each other as mates because of physical and social proximity People examine each other's personality and behavior and choose partners who are similar to themselves Beats the famous saying that says "Opposite charges attract" Ernest Burgess nd Ronald Akers They combined Bandura's social learning theory and Sutherland's theory of differentiL association to produce Differential Association Reinforcement Differential Association Reinforcement This theory suggests that the presence of criminal behavior deoends on whether or not it is rewarded or punished and the most meaningful rewards and punishment are those given by groups that are important in an individual's life Maternal Deprivation and Attachment Theory James Q. Wilson and Richard Julius Herrnstein They explain predatory street crime by showing how human nature develops from the interplay of psychological, biological and social factors. Genes and environment are factors for some individuals to form the kind of personality that is likely to commit crimes. Short people who are conditioned and had conscience had high level of this
Corticol Arousal or activation of Cerebral Cortex Responsible for higher intellectual functioning, information processing and decision making. Another argument of him is that humans develop a conscience through conditioning and that criminals become conditioned slowly and appear to care little whether their asocial actions bring
disapproval Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Prepared questionnaires by Eysenck Those who score high in this measure may be having low-self esteem, excessive anxiety and wide mood swings Those who score high on this measure are sensation-seeking, dominant and assertive Those who score high on this measures are aggressive, egocentric and impulsive Hans J Eysenck (Eysenck's Conditioning Theory) In his theory of conditioning claims that all human personalities may be seen in three dimensions such as Psychoticism, Extroversion and Neuroticism Expresses the notion that a child needs warmth and affevtion from his mother. The idea came after Bowlby experimented on infants monkeys Affects the capacity to be affectionate and to develop intimate relationships with others. They typically have an inability to form binds of affection Defined as stable feature, characteristic, property or condition such as defective intelligence, impulsive personality, genetic abnormalities, the physical-chemical functioning of the brain and environmental influences on brain function such as drugs, chemicals and injuries that make sone people delinquency-prone over the life course
It can either suppress or trigger antisocial acts. Henry Goddard
The Jukes: A study of crime, pauperism, disease and heredity and further studies of criminals What is the story told by Richard Louis Dugdale? A jolly-man named Max who was also a descendant of the Dutchess settler How many of Max's son married out of six Jukes sisters? She is known as the Margareth, mother of criminals She had one bastard son, who is progenitor of the distinctively criminal line
They conducted a study entitled "Kallikak Family: A study in the heredity of feeblemindedness They have 480 descendants He is the great-great grandfather of Deborah An 8 year old who was interviewed by Goddard. Theory which associates body physique to behavior and criminality German psychiatrist neurologist, psychopathologist who constituted three principal types of body physiques Lean, slightly built, narrow shoulders Medium to tall, strong, muscular, coarse bones Medium height, rounded figure, massive neck and broad face Any of several psychological disorders of mood characterized usually by alternating episodes of depression and mania. Aka BIPOLAR DISORDER Mental disorder that ia cgaracterized by disturbances in thought, perception and behavior, by loss of emotional responsiveness and extreme apathy and by noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life. Aka DEMENTIA PRAECOX
A Roscoe Pound Professor of Law in Harvard University and his wife is Eleanor Glueck who us a Research Associate in Criminology at Harvard Law School in their article TEN YEARS OF UNRAVELING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Ten years of Unraveling Juveline Delinquency This article seemed to be the basic improvements of both Sheldon's and Kretschemer's categorization of body physique Ten years of Unraveling Juveline Delinquency It showed 60.1 percent of the delinquent group compared to 30.7 percent of the nondelinquent are MESOMORPHIC, 14.4 percent of delinquents compared to 39.6 percent controls were found to be ECTOMORPHIC Professor C. Wesley Depertuis Lavish in his praise of the work of Glueck couples
Read Only!!! He belived that biological predispositions determine deviant behavior, he advocated the remove of criminals from society, seeing no hope in their rehabilitation Physiognomy Giambattista della Porta aka Giovanni Battista della Porta He founded the school on Human Physiognomy Deals with the study of facial features and their relation to human behavior According to him, a thief had a large lips and sharp vision. His findings was in correlation with the argument of the Father of Modern Criminology-Cesare Lombroso Swiss writer, protestant pastor was able to revive the work of Porta Phrenology (Franz Joseph Gall) Theory of brain and science of character reading, what the nineteenth century phrenologist called "The only true science of mind" Study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties and traits of character, especially according to the hypothesis of Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Kaspar Spurzheim Posited that bumps on the head were indications of psychological propensities Served as research assistant and collaborator Theories concerning brain localization and phrenology Who argued that individuals learn aggressive behavior by imitation and learning from others?Albert Bandura believed that aggression is learned through a process called behavior modeling. He believed that individuals do not actually inherit violent tendencies, but they modeled them after three principles (Bandura, 1976: p. 204).
Who argued that deviance has benefits for society?Émile Durkheim believed that deviance is a necessary part of a successful society and that it serves three functions: 1) it clarifies norms and increases conformity, 2) it strengthens social bonds among the people reacting to the deviant, and 3) it can help lead to positive social change and challenges to people's ...
What kind of theory would you most likely learn about if you were studying environmental criminology?Environmental criminology is the study of crime as it occurs within a geographical area, and it's a positivist theory that suggests crime is influenced, if not caused, by a person's spatial environment.
Do crime and deviance refer to the same actions and behaviors?Crimes are acts committed within the public sphere, making them punishable by public authorities. Deviance refers to behaviours that fall outside of the scope of accepted norms, values, and behaviours.
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Who argued that individuals learn aggressive behavior by imitating and learning from others quizlet?
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