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Sociology
| The relative importance of biological inheritance and environmental factors in human development is referred to as the debate over | nature versus nurture |
| Harry Harlow’s research with rhesus monkeys and “artificial mothers” revealed that | monkeys developed greater social attachments based on their need for intimacy than on their need for food. |
| Which of the following is true about the looking-glass self? | All of the answers are correct. |
| According to George Herbert Mead’s stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs | when children imitate the people around them, particularly family members. |
| Which social scientist believed that the self has components that work in opposition to each other? | Sigmund Freud |
| Which of the following is the most important agent of socialization? | the family |
| Which of the following is true about gender roles? | They are expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. |
| Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis observed that schools in the United States focus on | transmitting academic content. |
| A retirement party, a high-school graduation party, and a confirmation party are all examples of | rites of passage. |
| An inmate enters prison and is stripped of his or her clothing and advised that from this point on he or she will be referred to only by a number. This is an example of | a degradation ceremony. |
| Which of the following statements about political behavior in the United States is correct? | Both answers are correct. |
| Which group has historically had particularly low voter turnout? | All of the answers are correct. |
| An analysis of newspaper coverage of gubernatorial races indicated that | reporters wrote more often on a female candidate’s personal life, appearance, or personality than they did a male candidate’s. |
| Which recent event was reminiscent of Philip Zimbardo’s mock prison experiment conducted in 1971? | None of the answers are true |
| Which of the following is an example of terrorism? | All of the answers are true. |
| Adam Smith described the law of supply and demand as | the invisible hand. |
| book The Jungle,described the meatpacking industry in Chicago at the beginning of the 20th century. The unregulated meatpacking companies had questionable health and safety standards, and they exploited their employees unmercifully. Sinclair was discussin | laissez-faire capitalism. |
| Which of the following is a reason why informal economies can be dysfunctional for workers? | All of the answers are correct. |
| The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants, is known as | deindustrialization. |
| Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society? | stratification |
| A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on | age |
| In Karl Marx’s view, social relations during any period of history depend on who controls the | primary mode of economic production. |
| Which term did Marx use to refer to the capitalist class that owns the means of production? | bourgeoisie |
| Karl Marx used the concept of class consciousness to refer to | a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change. |
| In Karl Marx’s view, a worker who identifies with the wealthy and believes that she can achieve great wealth through hard work is likely to have developed | false consciousness |
| What percentage of the total available wealth did the richest 1 percent of people in the United States own in 2009? | |
| What percentage of the total available wealth did the poorest 60 percent of people in the United States own in 2009? | |
| The impact of education on mobility has ___________ over the past decade | increased |
| Which of the following statements about the digital divide is correct? | both answers are correct |