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Terms in this set (111)Social structure refers to the way a society is a)organized into predictable relationships. The
term social interaction refers to the ways in which people c)respond to one another. The structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared through regularized patterns of social interaction is known as c)society. Muhammad Ali forever changed the terms of social interaction for c)African American athletes Which of the following are among the elemental building blocks of society? (4 answers) a)groups The positions people occupy and the relationships between them is called c)social structure. Through social interaction,
people a)learn the expectations of other people. Status refers to the d)social position of one person compared to another. Which of the following describes the effect of routine patterns of behavior? a)The predictability helps us know what to do most of the time. The meanings associated with ascribed statuses a)can change in different cultures True or false: When
members of less powerful groups challenge existing social norms, they can help members of a society perceive reality in a new way. a)True The ascribed statuses of race and gender can play an important part in people's efforts to achieve a desired professional and social status and serve as d)master statuses. The elemental building blocks of society can be easily compared to d)the framework of a building. Students who expect
their professor to teach the material outlined in the syllabus are holding the professor to b)a social role. The difficulty that arises when role expectations within the same social status clash is known as role c)strain. Sonya received a promotion at work. Which type of status does this describe? a)achieved status When we experience clashing expectations because we hold two or more social statuses, we are experiencing a)role conflict. Which type of status is assigned by society without regard to a person's unique talents or abilities? a)ascribed The status that dominates a person's other statuses and determines their general position in society is called the ______
status. d)master A set of expectations for people who occupy a given position or status is called a social d)role. You are a Native American who left the reservation to attend college and obtain a law degree. Once you
begin working as a lawyer to help your people, members of your tribe regard you as too Caucasian, whereas members of the White community regard you with suspicion because you are Native American. This is an example of role c)strain. Lee is supervising her best friend at work and feels awkward about disciplining him. What is she experiencing? a)role conflict We are increasingly discovering that gender is an example of d)an ascribed status that could change.
The ascribed statuses of race and gender can play an important part in people's efforts to achieve a desired professional and social status and serve as b)master statuses. Students who expect their professor to teach the material outlined in the syllabus are holding the professor to b)a social role. The difficulty that arises when role expectations within the same social status clash is known as role b)strain. When we experience clashing expectations because we hold two or
more social statuses, we are experiencing a)role conflict. The meanings associated with ascribed statuses c)can change in different cultures. The process of disengaging from a role that is central to one's self-identity to establish a new role and identity is called b)role exit. The third and fourth stages of leaving a social role involve b)taking action and creating new social roles The first stage in leaving a social role can involve frustration and other negative emotions. This stage usually begins with b)doubt. According to sociologists, a collection of people in one place at the same time who do not interact with each other or share common purposes is known as a)an aggregate. Groups that play a pivotal role in the socialization process are called b)primary groups. Which type of group is formal, impersonal, and has little social intimacy or mutual understanding? d)secondary group Which of the following describes a group that
individuals regard as others, those people, or them? a)out-group In sociological terms, a collection of people united by a shared sense of identity or purpose is known as a)a group. What is a small
group that is characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation called? a)primary group A group with very little social intimacy, such as a large college class, is called a(n) d)secondary group. Which group gives its members a collective sense of "us"? a)in-group What do sociologists call a group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior? d)reference group An alliance, whether temporary or permanent, that is geared toward a common goal is called a(n) a)coalition. Social networks consist of a)a series of social relationships that link people together. According to Janis McCabe, when considering the types of friendship networks, the _____ consists of one dense network in which nearly all friends are friends with each
other. a)tight-knitters Coalitions begin to develop when a)groups grow larger. Scott Feld
discovered that, on average, "most people have fewer friends than their friends have." This has come to be known as the d)friendship paradox. Social networks involve people b)interacting directly and indirectly. Homophily literally means b)love of the same. According to the argument called "the strength of weak ties," if
you want to find a new job, your best connection will be a)people you see only occasionally or rarely. According to Janis McCabe, when considering the types of friendship networks, the _____ includes a diverse array of friends, who, for the most part, do not socialize with each
other. c)samplers Social media theorist Clay Shirky maintains that the social networking potential of the Internet has radically transformed possibilities for collective action. According to the friendship paradox, if you have 150 friends on Facebook, those friends b)have more friends than you. The health care system, the mass media, and the government are all examples of d)social institutions. In which type of community is there little agreement about values, and social control relies on more formal means such as laws and policies? b)Gesellschaft When Facebook researchers explored the validity of
"the strength of weak ties," they found that b)the theory seems valid. Social media theorist Clay Shirky has argued that the social networking power of the Internet is transformational because it allows b)interactive, large-scale group formation. In societies with minimal division of labor, a collective consciousness develops that emphasizes group solidarity. This collective frame of mind is called c)mechanical solidarity. Integrated and persistent social networks focused on making sure society's core needs are met are called social d)institutions. According to the sociologist Émile Durkheim, organic solidarity exists when societies become a)more advanced technologically and more interdependent on each person's expertise. The sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies used the term Gesellschaft to refer to what type of
society? d)impersonal Members of hunting-and-gathering societies c)moved constantly for food. According to Durkheim, people in a society with few social roles and little division of labor experience b)mechanical solidarity. What is the most technologically advanced form of preindustrial
society? b)agrarian Societies with a complex division of labor have a collective consciousness that rests on mutual interdependence, a social cohesion known as c)organic solidarity. According to Ferdinand Tönnies, Gemeinschaft is typical of life in ______ areas. c)rural Which type of society is based on kinship ties, has little division of labor, and has scarce resources? a)hunting-and-gathering Horticultural societies are different from hunting-and-gathering societies because horticultural societies a)allowed people to settle in one place. According to Émile
Durkheim, the type of society in which all individuals perform the same tasks and everyone knows everyone else has b)mechanical solidarity. Even though they enjoy far greater mastery over the environment than their counterparts in horticultural societies, members of agrarian societies are nevertheless c)still primarily engaged in the production of food. A society based on organic solidarity is much more adaptive to change than one characterized by d)mechanical solidarity. The increasing permanence and abundance of which type of society allowed its members to create artifacts such as statues, public monuments, and art objects intended to survive for generations? d)agrarian In contrast to a hunting-and-gathering society, a horticultural society has more control over its environment and d)uses digging sticks or hoes for cultivation. In societies with minimal division of labor, a
collective consciousness develops that emphasizes group solidarity. This collective frame of mind is called b)mechanical solidarity. Which type of society features statuses and social roles that are in a constant state of flux and members who are dependent on each other for survival because of the complex division of
labor? c)organic solidarity Humans started to specialize tasks and manufacture goods beginning in which type of society? b)industrial Agrarian
societies rely on what type of power? a)the physical power of humans In horticultural societies, people d)people plant seeds and crops. The sociologist Daniel Bell observed that in a postindustrial society, large numbers of people c)are involved in occupations related to the spread of ideas. Which of the following is the type of society that is technologically sophisticated and preoccupied with consumer goods and media images? c)postmodern An industrial society is defined as a society that b)depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services and relies on new inventions to facilitate production The multiple stories within postmodern societies reflect c)different sets of norms and values. Postmodern society's reliance on the image has largely been shaped by b)the mass media. Which of the following are elements associated with a postmodern society? b)images A postmodern society is a society that b)has pluralistic views and diversity. How do members of a postmodern society react to individual and group stories in the society? c)They embrace both individual and group stories. According to postmodernists, how are images related to our perceptions of reality? c)Our images of reality come before reality itself. In societies characterized by mechanical solidarity, life choices b)are made all the time. A postindustrial society has an economic system that is engaged primarily in the c)processing and control of information. Which of the following is an example of how postmodern
societies are globally interconnected? d)receiving assistance from a technician in another country In sociology, an organization created to achieve maximum efficiency is known as
a(n) a)bureaucracy. The multiple stories within postmodern societies reflect a)different sets of norms and values.
In a postmodern world, we make life choices a)all the time. If people feel they have lost control over their work and isolated from their coworkers, they might be experiencing d)alienation. Max Weber believed ______ represented the most rational form of management ever devised. d)bureaucracy A bureaucracy that features workers, supervisors, executives, and a CEO with different levels of authority
is organized as a d)hierarchy. Because bureaucracies have rules that allow for other rules, records, and structure, they often c)outlive individual employees and maintain continuity. Workers who repeatedly perform routine tasks might feel a)separated from their work. Companies go through the process
of bureaucratization when they want to c)improve their efficiency. One key element of bureaucracies is their d)organization of hierarchy and rankings. Sociologist George Ritzer has studied businesses that have copied the practices of fast-food restaurants. He found that a number of businesses try to match the fast-food restaurants' b)ability to produce predictable results Robert Merton referred to the overzealous conformity to official rules and regulations as goal c)displacement. Debates about U.S. politics sometimes center around worries that the d)desire for incumbents to maintain political offices overrides their moral views. Which bureaucratization approach pervades more and more areas of human
lives? d)technical-rational The process by which the principles of fast-food restaurants are coming to dominate more sectors of U.S. and global society is called b)McDonaldization. According to the scientific management approach, workers are assumed to be b)a resource just like a machine. People worry that organizations all eventually concentrate power in the hands of a few powerful people. In American politics, this fear has led to what some people call d)Washington insiders. Your boss is a staunch follower of the rules, which were written decades ago and no
longer apply in an era of modern technology. Your boss suffers from a)goal displacement. If a company focuses on the employees' job satisfaction and gathers information from the employees to improve morale and communication with the management, this type of organizational culture is called the c)human relations approach. Which approach to business emphasizes measuring aspects of the work process to achieve maximum efficiency? a)scientific management The sociologist Robert Michels argued that the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and as such reinforce the process of rule by a few. He coined this idea the b)iron law of oligarchy. What
is the modern, alternative way of considering bureaucratic dynamics that emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation in a bureaucracy? b)human relations approach Robert Michels argued that bureaucratization creates systems in which leaders are interested in d)holding onto their power. Sets with similar termsSociology Chapter 464 terms evansamuelsen Chapter 4 Term & Concept List39 terms ericamyrick SOC ch 543 terms wbatrask Newman chapter 4 and 5 test review49 terms lillydaneman Sets found in the same folderSOC Ch.666 terms Nickel-Jellyfish SOC Ch. 392 terms Nickel-Jellyfish SOC Ch. 484 terms Nickel-Jellyfish SOC Ch.1261 terms Nickel-Jellyfish Other sets by this creatorBehavioral Science 1: Audition (MCAT)16 terms Nickel-Jellyfish Behavioral Science 1: Vision (MCAT)29 terms Nickel-Jellyfish Behavioral Science 1: Sensation (MCAT)30 terms Nickel-Jellyfish BioChem 1 (MCAT)32 terms Nickel-Jellyfish Verified questionsSOCIOLOGY Give one reason why the gap between men’s and women’s salaries persists. Verified answer
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What are the 4 types of society?Society Type: 4 Important Types of Societies. Type # 1. Tribal Society:. Type # 2. Agrarian Society:. Type # 3. Industrial Society:. Type # 4. Post-Industrial society:. What are the types of society?Sociologists have classified the different types of societies into six categories, each of which possesses their own unique characteristics:. Hunting and gathering societies.. Pastoral societies.. Horticultural societies.. Agricultural societies.. Industrial societies.. Post-industrial societies.. What are the 3 types of society?Sociologists place societies in three broad categories: pre-industrial, industrial, and postindustrial.
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Humans started to specialize tasks and manufacture goods beginning in which type of society?
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