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Power Distance Index (PDI) is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and Hofstede claims that 'all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others'. Individualism (IDV) on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word 'collectivism' in this sense has no political meaning: it refers to the group, not to the state. The issue addressed by this dimension is an extremely fundamental one, regarding all societies in the world. Masculinity (MAS) versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies revealed that (a) women's values differ less among societies than men's values; (b) men's values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from women's values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to women's values on the other. The assertive pole has been called 'masculine' and the modest, caring pole 'feminine'. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men; in the masculine countries they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries show a gap between men's values and women's values. Sirje Virkus, Tallinn University, 2009 Which strategic response to ethical challenges is characterized by a firm doing the least that is required?In the context of strategic response to ethical challenges, whichof the following is a difference between a defensive strategy and an accommodative strategy? A defensive strategy involves doing the least that is required, whereas an accommodative strategy involves doing all that is required.
Which of the following options is a factor for the dominance of English as a global business language?Which of the following options is a factor for the dominance of English as a global business language? English-speaking countries contribute the largest share of global output.
Is an individual's ability to understand and adjust to new cultures?Cultural Intelligence (CQ) is the ability to recognize and adapt to cultural differences.
Which of the following is an example of opportunism?Examples of opportunism include misleading, cheating, and confusing other parties in transactions that will increase transaction costs.
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Is the extent to which less influential members within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally?
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