NASM 7th Study GuidePost 15 of 23 Show
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Introduction to Cardiorespiratory Fitness TrainingCardio training shows the abilities of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to give the muscles oxygen rich blood during sustained physical activity. This is one of the five main components of health-related physical fitness. One of the reasons for this style of training to be very important is that it works on abilities to engage in normal activities of daily living. Training cardio is a great way to plan programs systematically and get clients through the stages for achieving optimal adaptations by putting stress on the cardiorespiratory system. Sometimes we see errors made in considering the rate of progression of clients. This is the process and speed from which frequency, intensity, time, and type are increased. General Guidelines for Cardiorespiratory Fitness TrainingIt should always be understood that no two people have the same response and adaptations to exercise. So, the responses to exercise are variable even when we consider people of similar ages, fitness levels, and health status. FrequencyThis refers to the number of training sessions in a certain set time period, usually this is just a week. The recommendations for frequency are generally 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobics done on 5 days per week at a minimum. If 75 minutes per week is recommended, it should be done at least 3 days per week and is for vigorous intensity work. You can also combine these and go for some middle ground as far as time and intensity. IntensityThis is the level of demand that a certain activity puts on the body. Moderate intensity is where we consider it to be working hard and increasing heart and respiration rates, but it does not cause exhaustion or breathlessness. MET is one popular way of looking at this intensity ratings for activity. One MET is the equivalent of 3.5 mL of oxygen per kg of body weight per minute. It is also equal to the average resting metabolic rate for adults. Ratings of perceived exertion are useful in scenarios looking at intensity, since it is a rating of how hard someone thinks they are working at the time. More often than not when using the 6 – 20 borg scale, we see it somewhat is equivalent with heart rates multiplied by 10. The talk test is another thing utilized, and this one is pretty much perfectly suited as an informal easy to use method to get an idea of how hard your client is working. When speaking is easy to do during activity, this is generally considered to be under ventilatory threshold 1. TimeThis has to do with the length of time that someone engages in an activity or exercise training session and it is generally in the number of minutes. Adults should ideally work to get 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate activity each week or an hour and 15 minutes of vigorous activity. TypeThis looks at the mode of activity chosen. Some examples of choices for type of exercise are things like jogging, walking, using gym equipment for cardio, swimming, and cycling. Both interval training and high intensity interval training are growing in popularity due to their effectiveness and ease of use in group training. EnjoymentThis refers to the amount of pleasure that comes from engaging in specific exercises or activity. This is often overlooked, but it is quite important to consider for the longevity of the client. VolumeThis is the total amount of work one in each timeframe, generally this is a week of time. ProgressionThis looks at how the program is advancing and changing. Generally, the intensity, and/or volume should continually go up and continue to challenge the individual. Components of Cardiorespiratory Fitness TrainingThe three components of this style of training are the warm-up, conditioning, and cool-down phases. Cardiorespiratory Warm-Up PhaseThis is generally described as prepping the body for activity. We can have warm ups that are very general, or warm ups that are more specific to the movements that will be done in the actual workout. General warm ups are like standard cardio, and specific warm ups aim to do some movements and exercises that are going to be worked similar to the conditioning portion of the workout. Stretching can also be beneficial to have in the warmup in some forms. Conditioning PhasePeople that engage in cardio likely do it for reasons like losing weight, reducing their stress, general improvements in health, or for some other reasons. Benefits of cardio and conditioning exercise:
Cool-down PhaseThis is like the warmup but in reverse. So, the goal here is to get the body closer to rest. And this can oftentimes include some kind of stretching to help those active muscles relax. Cooldowns usually last as long as warm ups, so around 5 – 10 minutes. The benefits for cooling down are:
Introduction to Stage TrainingCardiorespiratory falls under the principle of specificity, just like other training styles. So, we should ensure that the program follows the wants and needs of the client specifically. Stage TrainingThe purpose here is to make sure that programs go through in organized ways to make sure continual adaptations occur and lower the risk for injury or overtraining. We have five stages of training. Stage 1 example:
Stage 2 example:
Stage 3 example:
Stage 4 example:
Stage 5 example:
Postural Considerations in Cardiorespiratory TrainingWhen prescribing this form of training, it is very important to assess the client’s posture continuously during movement. If the client has poor posture while standing or doing some motions, the trainer is responsible for correcting the alignment to minimize their risk for being injured and to maximize their performance level. When going through cardiorespiratory training, we should look out for some specific problems:
What is the recommended duration and frequency of training for vigorous cardiorespiratory fitness improvements?For substantial health benefits, adults should do at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) to 300 minutes (5 hours) a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes (1 hour and 15 minutes) to 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of ...
What is the recommendation of minutes per week for cardiorespiratory training?Get at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes per week of vigorous aerobic activity, or a combination of both, preferably spread throughout the week.
What is the recommended duration for cardiorespiratory exercise per session?Clients should start slowly and gradually work up to 30 to 60 minutes of continuous aerobic exercise. During this training period clients should strive to gradually increase the duration and intensity of exercise bouts.
In what training zone would you be exercising at a vigorous to very hard intensity?Vigorous: 77% to 95% of MHR
The vigorous heart rate zone is from 77% to 95% of your maximum heart rate. You are now in the vigorous-intensity zone. You will be breathing very hard and able only to speak in short phrases. This is the zone to aim for when training for endurance.
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