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NOTE: If you have the new question on this test, please comment Question and Multiple-Choice list in form below this article. We will update answers for you in the shortest time. Thank you! We truly value your contribution to the website. CyberOps Associate (Version 1.0) – Modules 13 – 17: Threats and Attacks Group Exam1. What is the significant characteristic of worm malware?
Explanation: Worm malware can execute and copy itself without being triggered by a host program. It is a significant network and Internet security threat. 2. What are the three major components of a worm attack? (Choose three.)
Explanation: A computer can have a worm installed through an email attachment, an executable program file, or a Trojan Horse. The worm attack not only affects one computer, but replicates to other computers. What the worm leaves behind is the payload–the code that results in some action. 3. A user is curious about how someone might know a computer has been infected with malware. What are two common malware behaviors? (Choose two.)
Explanation: Common symptoms of computers infected with malware: 4. Which two types of attacks are examples of reconnaissance attacks? (Choose two.)
Explanation: Reconnaissance attacks attempt to gather information about the targets. Ping sweeps will indicate which hosts are up and responding to pings, whereas port scans will indicate on which TCP and UDP ports the target is listening for incoming connections. Man-in-the-middle and brute force attacks are both examples of access attacks, and a SYN flood is an example of a denial of service (DoS) attack. 5. An administrator discovers a vulnerability in the network. On analysis of the vulnerability the administrator decides the cost of managing the risk outweighs the cost of the risk itself. The risk is accepted, and no action is taken. What risk management strategy has been adopted?
Explanation: Risk acceptance is when the cost of risk management options outweighs the cost of the risk itself, the risk is accepted, and no action is taken. 6. Which protocol is exploited by cybercriminals who create malicious iFrames?
Explanation: An HTML element known as an inline frame or iFrame allows the browser to load a different web page from another source. 7. How can a DNS tunneling attack be mitigated?
Explanation: To be able to stop DNS tunneling, a filter that inspects DNS traffic must be used. Also, DNS solutions such as Cisco OpenDNS block much of the DNS tunneling traffic by identifying suspicious domains. 8. What is the function of a gratuitous ARP sent by a networked device when it boots up?
Explanation: A gratuitous ARP is often sent when a device first boots up to inform all other devices on the local network of the MAC address of the new device. 9. What is the result of a passive ARP poisoning attack?
Explanation: ARP poisoning attacks can be passive or active. The result of a passive attack is that cybercriminals steal confidential information. With an active attack, cybercriminals modify data in transit or they inject malicious data. 10. What are two methods used by cybercriminals to mask DNS attacks? (Choose two.)
Explanation: Fast flux, double IP flux, and domain generation algorithms are used by cybercrimals to attack DNS servers and affect DNS services. Fast flux is a technique used to hide phishing and malware delivery sites behind a quickly-changing network of compromised DNS hosts (bots within botnets). The double IP flux technique rapidly changes the hostname to IP address mappings and the authoritative name server. Domain generation algorithms randomly generate domain names to be used as rendezvous points. 11. Match the security tool with the description. (Not all options
apply.) 12. Match the type of cyberattackers to the description. (Not all options are
used.) 13. Match the threat actors with the descriptions. (Not all options are
used.)
14. What scenario describes a vulnerability broker?
Explanation: Vulnerability brokers typically refers to grey hat hackers who attempt to discover exploits and report them to vendors, sometimes for prizes or rewards. 15. In what type of attack is a cybercriminal attempting to prevent legitimate users from accessing network services?
Explanation: In a DoS or denial-of-service attack, the goal of the attacker is to prevent legitimate users from accessing network services. 16. Which field in the IPv6 header points to optional network layer information that is carried in the IPv6 packet?
Explanation: Optional Layer 3 information about fragmentation, security, and mobility is carried inside of extension headers in an IPv6 packet. The next header field of the IPv6 header acts as a pointer to these optional extension headers if they are present. 17. Which type of attack is carried out by threat actors against a network to determine which IP addresses, protocols, and ports are allowed by ACLs?
Explanation: Packet filtering ACLs use rules to filter incoming and outgoing traffic. These rules are defined by specifying IP addresses, port numbers, and protocols to be matched. Threat actors can use a reconnaissance attack involving port scanning or penetration testing to determine which IP addresses, protocols, and ports are allowed by ACLs. 18. What kind of ICMP message can be used by threat actors to create a man-in-the-middle attack?
Explanation:Common ICMP messages of interest to threat actors include the
following: 19. What are two purposes of launching a reconnaissance attack on a network? (Choose two.)
Explanation: Gathering information about a network and scanning for access is a reconnaissance attack. Preventing other users from accessing a system is a denial of service attack. Attempting to retrieve and modify data, and attempting to escalate access privileges are types of access attacks. 20. Which type of network attack involves randomly opening many Telnet requests to a router and results in a valid network administrator not being able to access the device?
Explanation: The TCP SYN Flood attack exploits the TCP three-way handshake. The threat actor continually sends TCP SYN session request packets with a randomly spoofed source IP address to an intended target. The target device replies with a TCP SYN-ACK packet to the spoofed IP address and waits for a TCP ACK packet. Those responses never arrive. Eventually the target host is overwhelmed with half-open TCP connections and denies TCP services. 21. What functionality is provided by Cisco SPAN in a switched network?
Explanation: SPAN is a Cisco technology used by network administrators to monitor suspicious traffic or to capture traffic to be analyzed. 22. Which statement describes an operational characteristic of NetFlow?
Explanation: NetFlow does not capture the entire contents of a packet. Instead, NetFlow collects metadata, or data about the flow, not the flow data itself. NetFlow information can be viewed with tools such as nfdump and FlowViewer. 23..
Match the network monitoring solution with a description. (Not all options are
used.) 24. Which technology is a proprietary SIEM system?
Explanation: Security Information Event Management (SIEM) is a technology that is used in enterprise organizations to provide real-time reporting and long-term analysis of security events. Splunk is a proprietary SIEM system. 25. What are three functionalities provided by SOAR? (Choose three.)
Explanation: SOAR security platforms offer these functionalities: 26. Which devices should be secured to mitigate against MAC address spoofing attacks?
Explanation: Layer 2 attacks such as MAC address spoofing can be mitigated by securing Layer 2 devices. 27. A network administrator is checking the system logs and notices unusual connectivity tests to multiple well-known ports on a server. What kind of potential network attack could this indicate?
Explanation: A reconnaissance attack is the unauthorized discovery and mapping of systems, services, or vulnerabilities. One of the most common reconnaissance attacks is performed by using utilities that automatically discover hosts on the networks and determine which ports are currently listening for connections. 28. What is a vulnerability that allows criminals to inject scripts into web pages viewed by users?
Explanation: Cross-site scripting (XSS) allows criminals to inject scripts that contain malicious code into web applications. 29. Which cyber attack involves a coordinated attack from a botnet of zombie computers?
Explanation: DDoS is a distributed denial-of-services attack. A DDoS attack is launched from multiple coordinated sources. The sources of the attack are zombie hosts that the cybercriminal has built into a botnet. When ready, the cybercriminal instructs the botnet of zombies to attack the chosen target. 30. What technique is a security attack that depletes the pool of IP addresses available for legitimate hosts?
Explanation: DHCP starvation attacks create a denial of service for network clients. The attacker sends DHCP discovery messages that contain fake MAC addresses in an attempt to lease all of the IP addresses. In contrast, DHCP spoofing occurs when a cybercriminal configures a rogue DHCP server to provide network clients with incorrect IP configuration information. 31 Which type of Trojan horse security breach uses the computer of the victim as the source device to launch other attacks?
Explanation: The attacker uses a proxy Trojan horse attack to penetrate one device and then use that device to launch attacks on other devices. The Dos Trojan horse slows or halts network traffic. The FTP trojan horse enables unauthorized file transfer services when port 21 has been compromised. A data-sending Trojan horse transmits data back to the hacker that could include passwords. 32. What are two examples of DoS attacks? (Choose two.)
Explanation: The buffer overflow and ping of death DoS attacks exploit system memory-related flaws on a server by sending an unexpected amount of data or malformed data to the server. 33. Why would a rootkit be used by a hacker?
Explanation: Hackers use rootkits to avoid detection as well as hide any software installed by the hacker. 34. What causes a buffer overflow?
Explanation: By sending too much data to a specific area of memory, adjacent memory locations are overwritten, which causes a security issue because the program in the overwritten memory location is affected. 35. Which type of security threat would be responsible if a spreadsheet add-on disables the local software firewall?
Explanation: A Trojan horse is software that does something harmful, but is hidden in legitimate software code. A denial of service (DoS) attack results in interruption of network services to users, network devices, or applications. A brute-force attack commonly involves trying to access a network device. A buffer overflow occurs when a program attempts to store more data in a memory location than it can hold. 36. Which two types of hackers are typically classified as grey hat hackers? (Choose two.)
Explanation: Grey hat hackers may do unethical or illegal things, but not for personal gain or to cause damage. Hacktivists use their hacking as a form of political or social protest, and vulnerability brokers hack to uncover weaknesses and report them to vendors. Depending on the perspective one possesses, state-sponsored hackers are either white hat or black hat operators. Script kiddies create hacking scripts to cause damage or disruption. Cyber criminals use hacking to obtain financial gain by illegal means. 37. A white hat hacker is using a security tool called Skipfish to discover the vulnerabilities of a computer system. What type of tool is this?
Explanation: Fuzzers are tools used by threat actors when attempting to discover the vulnerabilities of a computer system. Examples of fuzzers include Skipfish, Wapiti, and W3af. 38. Which two functions are provided by NetFlow? (Choose two.)
Explanation: NetFlow is a Cisco IOS technology that provides statistics and complete audit trails on TCP/IP flows on the network. Some of the capabilities of NetFlow include the following: 24×7 network and security monitoring, network planning, traffic analysis, identification of network bottlenecks, and IP accounting for billing purposes. 39. Which statement describes the function of the SPAN tool used in a Cisco switch?
Explanation: To analyze network traffic passing through a switch, switched port analyzer (SPAN) can be used. SPAN can send a copy of traffic from one port to another port on the same switch where a network analyzer or monitoring device is connected. SPAN is not required for syslog or SNMP. SPAN is used to mirror traffic, while syslog and SNMP are configured to send data directly to the appropriate server. 40. What are two evasion methods used by hackers? (Choose two.)
Explanation: The following methods are used by hackers to avoid detection:Encryption and tunneling – hide or scramble the malware content 41. Which attack involves threat actors positioning themselves between a source and destination with the intent of transparently monitoring, capturing, and controlling the communication?
Explanation: The man-in-the-middle attack is a common IP-related attack where threat actors position themselves between a source and destination to transparently monitor, capture, and control the communication. 42. What is the goal of a white hat hacker?
Explanation: White hat hackers are actually “good guys” and are paid by companies and governments to test for security vulnerabilities so that data is better protected. 43. Once a cyber threat has been verified, the US Cybersecurity Infrastructure and Security Agency (CISA) automatically shares the cybersecurity information with public and private organizations. What is this automated system called?
Explanation: Governments are now actively promoting cybersecurity. For instance, the US Cybersecurity Infrastructure and Security Agency (CISA) is leading efforts to automate the sharing of cybersecurity information with public and private organizations at no cost. CISA use a system called Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS). AIS enables the sharing of attack indicators between the US government and the private sector as soon as threats are verified. CISA offers many resources that help to limit the size of the United States attack surface. 44. A user receives a phone call from a person who claims to represent IT services and then asks that user for confirmation of username and password for auditing purposes. Which security threat does this phone call represent?
Explanation: Social engineering attempts to gain the confidence of an employee and convince that person to divulge confidential and sensitive information, such as usernames and passwords. DDoS attacks, spam, and keylogging are all examples of software based security threats, not social engineering. 45. Which two characteristics describe a worm? (Choose two)
Explanation: Worms are self-replicating pieces of software that consume bandwidth on a network as they propagate from system to system. They do not require a host application, unlike a virus. Viruses, on the other hand, carry executable malicious code which harms the target machine on which they reside. 46. An attacker is redirecting traffic to a false default gateway in an attempt to intercept the data traffic of a switched network. What type of attack could achieve this?
Explanation: In DHCP spoofing attacks, an attacker configures a fake DHCP server on the network to issue DHCP addresses to clients with the aim of forcing the clients to use a false default gateway, and other false services. DHCP snooping is a Cisco switch feature that can mitigate DHCP attacks. MAC address starvation and MAC address snooping are not recognized security attacks. MAC address spoofing is a network security threat. 47. What would be the target of an SQL injection attack?
Explanation: SQL is the language used to query a relational database. Cybercriminals use SQL injections to get information, create fake or malicious queries, or to breach the database in some other way. 48. The IT department is reporting that a company web server is receiving an abnormally high number of web page requests from different locations simultaneously. Which type of security attack is occurring?
Explanation: Phishing, spyware, and social engineering are security attacks that collect network and user information. Adware consists, typically, of annoying popup windows. Unlike a DDoS attack, none of these attacks generate large amounts of data traffic that can restrict access to network services. 49. Why would an attacker want to spoof a MAC address?
Explanation: MAC address spoofing is used to bypass security measures by allowing an attacker to impersonate a legitimate host device, usually for the purpose of collecting network traffic. 50. Match the security concept to the
description. 51. Which two characteristics describe a virus? (Choose two.)
Explanation: A virus is malicious code that is attached to legitimate programs or executable files. Most viruses require end user activation, can lie dormant for an extended period, and then activate at a specific time or date. In contrast, a worm executes arbitrary code and installs copies of itself in the memory of the infected computer. The main purpose of a worm is automatic replication to spread quickly across a network. A worm does not require a host program to run. 52. Which type of security attack would attempt a buffer overflow?
Explanation: Denial of service (DoS) attacks attempt to disrupt service on the network by either sending a particular device an overwhelming amount of data so no other devices can access the attacked device or by sending malformed packets. What type of attack disrupt services by overwhelming network devices with bogus traffic?A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal traffic of a targeted server, service or network by overwhelming the target or its surrounding infrastructure with a flood of Internet traffic.
Which tools can identify malicious traffic by comparing packet contents with known attack characteristics?A signature-based intrusion detection system (SIDS) monitors all the packets traversing the network and compares them against a database of attack signatures or attributes of known malicious threats, much like antivirus software.
Which type of attack allows an attacker to use a brute force approach?Dictionary attacks: in a standard attack, a hacker chooses a target and runs possible passwords against that username. These are known as dictionary attacks. Dictionary attacks are the most basic tool in brute force attacks.
What protocol is used to collect information about traffic traversing a network?NetFlow is a protocol used to collect metadata on IP traffic flows traversing a network device. Developed by Cisco Systems, NetFlow is used to record metadata about IP traffic flows traversing a network device such as a router, switch, or host.
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