Presentation on theme: "Infancy: Cognitive Development"— Presentation transcript: 1 Infancy: Cognitive Development Show
2 Piaget’s Approach to Cognitive Development
3 Piaget continued.. Believed that knowledge is the product of direct motor behavior in
infants Both quantity and quality of knowledge increase Believed that cognitive development occurs in an orderly and gradual fashion His theory is thus based on a stage approach to development 4 Transitions… Infants do not suddenly shift between stages of cognitive development.
Instead Piaget argues that there is a transition period in which some behaviors reflect one stage, some the next stage (GRADUAL change!) 5
Piaget believed that … All children pass through a series of universal stages in a fixed order. sensorimotor preoperational concrete operations formal operations (we will elaborate on these more later…)
6 During these stages.. Both quantity and quality of knowledge increase. 7 Newborn schemes differ from adult schemes 8 Two principles underlie children's
schemes: 9 (principles underlying children's
schemes) 10
11 SENSORIMOTOR STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (table in text)
12 (Piaget’s SENSORIMOTOR STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT continued) 13 (Piaget’s SENSORIMOTOR STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT continued) 14
(Piaget’s SENSORIMOTOR STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT continued)
15 Cognitive Development Continues… 16 (Piaget’s SENSORIMOTOR STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT continued) 17 Piaget’s SENSORIMOTOR STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT continued) 18
19 Developmentalist’s thoughts on Piaget… 20 However, specific aspects of Piaget's theory have been criticized. 21 22 INFORMATION-PROCESSING APPROACHES to Cognitive Development 23 (The 3 basic aspects of Information Processing continued) 24 Information Processing Approaches to Cognitive Development
25 Automatization is the degree to which an activity requires attention.
26 (INFORMATION-PROCESSING APPROACHES to Cognitive Development, continued) 27 INFORMATION-PROCESSING APPROACHES to Cognitive Development: Memory )
28 INFORMATION-PROCESSING APPROACHES to Cognitive Development: Memory, continued )
29 Infant intelligence, like adult intelligence, is difficult to define.
30 Approaches used to detect differences in intelligence during infancy… 31 Arnold Gesell formulated the DEVELOPMENTAL QUOTIENT,
32 motor skills (balancing, sitting) language use (speaking, sounds) 33 mental and motor abilities… 34 (BAYLEY SCALES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT,
continued)
35 VISUAL- RECOGNITION MEMORY measurement 36 One more approaches used to detect differences in intelligence during
infancy:
37 Cognitive Development in Infancy: Language…from sounds to symbols 38 Formal characteristics of language mastery… 39 Language is closely tied to the way infants
think and how they understand the world
40 Throughout infancy, speech comprehension precedes speech production
41 Infants show PRELINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION through sounds, facial expressions, gestures, imitations, and other
non-linguistic means. BABBLING is when infants make speech-like but meaningless sounds at about 2-3 months continuing to about 1 year. Babbling is a universal phenomenon. Babbling begins with easy sounds (b - p) and proceeds to more complex sounds (d - t). By age 6 months, babbling differs according to the language to which the infant is exposed.
42 First words are generally spoken between 10-14 months.
43 Some more things to know about language development in infants… 44
Linguists are divided on the origins of language 45 An alternative theory of the origins of language has been proposed by Noam Chomsky
46 Speaking to children: The language of infant-directed speech
47 Gender differences… Research shows that parents use different language for boys than for girls! They use diminutives more with girls (kitty/dolly vs. cat/doll) ,
warmer phrases and more emotional referents and tend to hear firmer, clearer language. 48 Diminishing Diminutives 49 Do the differences in language directed at boys and girls during infancy affect their behavior as adults??? No direct research evidence, but it is
CLEAR that men and women use different language as adults Women tend to be more tentative and use less assertive language as adults Intriguing possibility that altering the language we direct at young women could change this! 50 Is
Infant-Directed Speech Similar Across Cultures? 51 Don’t forget: Read chapter 6 for next time! 52 53 54 When a person initially records information in a form usable to memory?Encoding- the process by which information is initially recorded in a form usable to memory.
What is the term for the process by which information is initially recorded in a form usable to memory quizlet?Encoding. -the process by which information is initially recorded in a form usable to memory.
Which is the term for the process by which information is initially recorded stored and retrieved?Memory: the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information.
What term refers to the process by which material in memory is located and brought to awareness and used?Encoding is the initial registration and acquisition of information, storage is the maintenance of information over time in the nervous system (represented as a memory trace), and retrieval is the process whereby stored information is brought back into conscious awareness or otherwise affects ongoing behavior.
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