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1.4.8 Starting MySQL as a Windows ServiceOn Windows, the recommended way to run MySQL is to install it as a Windows service, so that MySQL starts and stops automatically when Windows starts and stops. A MySQL server installed as a service can also be controlled from the command line using NET commands, or with the graphical Services utility. Generally, to install MySQL as a Windows service you should be logged in using an account that has administrator rights. The Services utility (the Windows Service Control Manager) can be found in the Windows Control Panel. To avoid conflicts, it is advisable to close the Services utility while performing server installation or removal operations from the command line. Installing the serviceBefore installing MySQL as a Windows service, you should first stop the current server if it is running by using the following command: C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin\mysqladmin" -u root shutdownNote If the MySQL root user account has a password, you need to invoke mysqladmin with the -p option and supply the password when prompted. This command invokes the MySQL administrative utility mysqladmin to connect to the server and tell it to shut down. The command connects as the MySQL root user, which is the default administrative account in the MySQL grant system. Note Users in the MySQL grant system are wholly independent from any operating system users under Windows. Install the server as a service using this command: C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin\mysqld" --installThe service-installation command does not start the server. Instructions for that are given later in this section. To make it easier to invoke MySQL programs, you can add the path name of the MySQL bin directory to your Windows system PATH environment variable:
Warning You must exercise great care when editing your system PATH by hand; accidental deletion or modification of any portion of the existing PATH value can leave you with a malfunctioning or even unusable system. The following additional arguments can be used when installing the service:
For a MySQL server that is installed as a Windows service, the following rules determine the service name and option files that the server uses:
As a more complex example, consider the following command: C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin\mysqld" --install MySQL --defaults-file=C:\my-opts.cnfHere, the default service name (MySQL) is given after the --install option. If no --defaults-file option had been given, this command would have the effect of causing the server to read the [mysqld] group from the standard option files. However, because the --defaults-file option is present, the server reads options from the [mysqld] option group, and only from the named file. Note On Windows, if the server is started with the --defaults-file and --install options, --install must be first. Otherwise, mysqld.exe attempts to start the MySQL server. You can also specify options as Start parameters in the Windows Services utility before you start the MySQL service. Finally, before trying to start the MySQL service, make sure the user variables %TEMP% and %TMP% (and also %TMPDIR%, if it has ever been set) for the operating system user who is to run the service are pointing to a folder to which the user has write access. The default user for running the MySQL service is LocalSystem, and the default value for its %TEMP% and %TMP% is C:\Windows\Temp, a directory LocalSystem has write access to by default. However, if there are any changes to that default setup (for example, changes to the user who runs the service or to the mentioned user variables, or the --tmpdir option has been used to put the temporary directory somewhere else), the MySQL service might fail to run because write access to the temporary directory has not been granted to the proper user. Starting the serviceAfter a MySQL server instance has been installed as a service, Windows starts the service automatically whenever Windows starts. The service also can be started immediately from the Services utility, or by using an sc start mysqld_service_name or NET START mysqld_service_name command. SC and NET commands are not case-sensitive. When run as a service, mysqld has no access to a console window, so no messages can be seen there. If mysqld does not start, check the error log to see whether the server wrote any messages there to indicate the cause of the problem. The error log is located in the MySQL data directory (for example, C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\data). It is the file with a suffix of .err. When a MySQL server has been installed as a service, and the service is running, Windows stops the service automatically when Windows shuts down. The server also can be stopped manually using the Services utility, the sc stop mysqld_service_name command, the NET STOP mysqld_service_name command, or the mysqladmin shutdown command. You also have the choice of installing the server as a manual service if you do not wish for the service to be started automatically during the boot process. To do this, use the --install-manual option rather than the --install option: C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin\mysqld" --install-manualRemoving the serviceTo remove a server that is installed as a service, first stop it if it is running by executing SC STOP mysqld_service_name or NET STOP mysqld_service_name. Then use SC DELETE mysqld_service_name to remove it: C:\> SC DELETE mysqlAlternatively, use the mysqld --remove option to remove the service. C:\> "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin\mysqld" --removeIf mysqld is not running as a service, you can start it from the command line. For instructions, see Section 1.4.6, “Starting MySQL from the Windows Command Line”. If you encounter difficulties during installation, see Section 1.5, “Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation”. For more information about stopping or removing a Windows service, see Starting Multiple MySQL Instances as Windows Services. Which of the following tools does not provide real time drive capacity monitoring for Windows?Which of the following tools does not provide real-time drive capacity monitoring for Windows? System Center Configuration Manager provides non-real-time reporting for disk space.
What three options are most likely to be used to handle a memory leak?What three options are most likely to be used to handle a memory leak? A. Memory management, patching, and buffer overflow prevention.
Which of the following Linux commands will show a user how much disk space is in use?That command is df -H. The -H switch is for human-readable format. The output of df -H will report how much space is used, available, percentage used, and the mount point of every disk attached to your system (Figure 1).
Which of the following terms describes a system sending heartbeat traffic to a botnet command and a control server?What term describes a system sending heartbeat traffic to a botnet command and control server? A - Beaconing. Beaconing activity (sometimes called heartbeat traffic) occurs when traffic is sent to a botnet command and control system.
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