Which of the following steps should be taken by leaders to work more effectively with different personality types?

Which of the following is an assumption of Theory X?
Question options:

a)

The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest and the average human being does not inherently dislike work.

b)

The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all.

c)

Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual potentialities of the average human being are only partially utilized.

d)

The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.