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Terms in this set (50)
Sociologists argue that stages of life are
socially constructed
Which term refers to a branch of the social sciences dealing with aging and the elderly?
gerontology
In Japan, a very low birthrate has resulted in
the proportion of Japan's population over the age of sixty-five is increasing faster than in any other country
Which of the following terms refers to the average life span of a country's population?
life expectancy
What percentage of the 62,000 centenarians in the United States (people aged 100 years or older) are women?
82 percent
Which one of the following statements is correct?
Seventy-two percent of elderly men live with a wife; just 42 percent of elderly women live with a husband
In 1987, Congress passed legislation that
required employers to phase out mandatory retirement policies
Portraying elderly people as a whole as senile, rigid, or old-fashioned is an example of
ageism
Which of the following concepts refers to social inequality among various age categories within a society
age stratification
Which of the following terms refers to assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease?
euthanasia
Which term refers to rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members?
norms
Which of the following defines people's responsibilities to uphold public order?
criminal law
The Federal Bureau of Investigation compiles an annual publication of crime reports from police departments across the country, called
Crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Report
Comparing victimization survey responses to police reports shows that about what percentage of serious crime is known to police?
about half of violent crime and one-third of property crime
Research analyzing the link between crime and social class shows that most arrests for street crime are of
people of lower social position
In terms of absolute numbers, most crimes involve offenders who are
white
Which term refers to the violation of the law by young people?
juvenile delinquency
Our society's use of due process, involving police, courts, and punishment, to enforce the law. is called
the criminal justice system
Which term refers to subsequent offenses committed by people previously convicted of crimes?
criminal recidivism
Which theory states that crime and other deviance results not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions?
labeling theory
What concept refers to the biological distinction between females and males?
sex
The story of sexual activity among students at the high school in Jefferson City, Missouri, shows
that about half of the sexually active students were "chained together" through a few sexual partners
Sexual activity may involve human biology, but sociologists focus on the fact that it is also guided by
human culture
Research suggests that sexual orientation
is primarily innate or based in human biology
The muxe of central Mexico are transgendered people, a fact that reminds us
that a society can recognize more than two gender categories
Homophobia refers to
hostility to people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual
Unwanted comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature constitute
sexual harassment
In 1972, Congress passed Title IX of the Higher Education Amendment, which
banned sex discrimination in schools, colleges, and universities receiving federal funds
How many different sexually transmitted diseases are reported in the United States?
more than fifty
Which of the following refers to a viewpoint that sees a pattern of bias that treats heterosexuality as the norm, while stigmatizing anyone who differs from this norm as "queer?"
heterosexism
A drug is any chemical substance, other than food or water, that
affects the mind or body
In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcohol across the country
Jorge has a beer or a glass of wine with dinner from time to time because these drinks taste good with the food and make him feel relaxed. His behavior illustrates which reason for using drugs (in this case, alcohol)?
recreational
Which term means using any illegal substance or to using a legal substance (such as a prescription drug) in a way that violates accepted medical practice?
drug abuse
The most widely used drug in the United States is probably
caffeine
In the United States, which of the following is, by far, the single greatest preventable cause of death?
cigarette smoking
Which term refers to having at least five drinks in a row for men, or four drinks for women, at least once in the past two weeks?
alcohol addiction
When family members try to earn extra money, hide evidence of accidents, or directly provide drugs to an abuser in an effort to "keep the peace," they are engaged in
codependency
According to government reports, about what percentage of convicted jail inmates were under the influence of some alcohol when they committed their crimes?
61 percent
The Fair Sentencing Act, passed in 2010, was enacted to
reduce the disparity in sentencing for crack possession versus cocaine possession
About what percentage of the adult population in the United States suffers from a mental illness at some point in their lives?
one-half
Health is defined by the World Health Organization as
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
An illness that has a long-term development is called
a chronic disease
What is the term for a medical care system in which the government owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most physicians?
socialized medicine
When it comes to the health of the overall population, in comparison with most other high-income nations, the United States ranks
lower
About what percentage of the U.S. population has no medical coverage?
15 percent
The leading cause of death among African American men aged fifteen to thirty-four is
homicide
Gender affects the health of men and women in which of the following ways?
U.S. culture's definition of masculinity places men at higher risk for accidents, violence, and suicide
Our culture's tendency to define women in terms of physical attractiveness
can lead to eating disorders, which in turn cause other serious health problems
In 1990, which act of Congress outlawed discrimination against people with disabilities in employment and public accommodations, including hotels, theaters, restaurants, and stores?
the Americans with Disabilities Act
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According to the functionalist perspective, what was the main result of the division of labor?
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