Changes in the linking of a stimulus resulting from pairing that stimulus with other stimuli

acquisitionperiod of initial learning in classical conditioning in which a human or an animal begins to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus will begin to elicit the conditioned responseassociative learningform of learning that involves connecting certain stimuli or events that occur together in the environment (classical and operant conditioning)classical conditioninglearning in which the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired or associated with the behaviorcognitive mapmental picture of the layout of the environmentconditioned response (CR)response caused by the conditioned stimulusconditioned stimulus (CS)stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimuluscontinuous reinforcementrewarding a behavior every time it occursextinctiondecrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulusfixed interval reinforcement schedulebehavior is rewarded after a set amount of timefixed ratio reinforcement scheduleset number of responses must occur before a behavior is rewardedhabituationwhen we learn not to respond to a stimulus that is presented repeatedly without changehigher-order conditioning(also, second-order conditioning) using a conditioned stimulus to condition a neutral stimulus instinct unlearned knowledge, involving complex patterns of behavior; instincts are thought to be more prevalent in lower animals than in humanslatent learninglearning that occurs, but it may not be evident until there is a reason to demonstrate itlaw of effectbehavior that is followed by consequences satisfying to the organism will be repeated and behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences will be discouragedlearningchange in behavior or knowledge that is the result of experiencemodelperson who performs a behavior that serves as an example (in observational learning)negative punishmenttaking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease or stop a behaviornegative reinforcementtaking away an undesirable stimulus to increase a behaviorneutral stimulus (NS)stimulus that does not initially elicit a response observational learningtype of learning that occurs by watching othersoperant conditioningform of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstratedpartial reinforcementrewarding behavior only some of the timepositive punishmentadding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behaviorpositive reinforcementadding a desirable stimulus to increase a behaviorprimary reinforcerhas innate reinforcing qualities (e.g., food, water, shelter, sex)punishmentimplementation of a consequence in order to decrease a behavior reflexunlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the environmentreinforcementimplementation of a consequence in order to increase a behaviorsecondary reinforcerhas no inherent value unto itself and only has reinforcing qualities when linked with something else (e.g., money, gold stars, poker chips)shapingrewarding successive approximations toward a target behaviorspontaneous recoveryreturn of a previously extinguished conditioned response stimulus discriminationability to respond differently to similar stimuli stimulus generalizationdemonstrating the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus unconditioned response (UCR)natural (unlearned) behavior to a given stimulus unconditioned stimulus (UCS)stimulus that elicits a reflexive responsevariable interval reinforcement schedulebehavior is rewarded after unpredictable amounts of time have passedvariable ratio reinforcement schedulenumber of responses differ before a behavior is rewardedvicarious punishmentprocess where the observer sees the model punished, making the observer less likely to imitate the model’s behaviorvicarious reinforcementprocess where the observer sees the model rewarded, making the observer more likely to imitate the model’s behavior

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  • Publication date: Dec 8, 2014
  • Location: Houston, Texas
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Which type of learning occurs by pairing two stimuli together so that the second stimulus elicits the same response as the first stimulus?

What is stimulus

Which principle of learning states that an association occurs between a pattern of stimuli and a response when paired?

Which produces a response to a stimulus by repeated pairing it with another stimulus that automatically produces this response?