Der Schöpfer von "Herr der Ringe", J. R. R. Tolkien, ist seit fast 50 Jahren tot, trotzdem erscheint nun mit "Der Fall von Gondolin" der 20. Band seiner Geschichten posthum. Ein gängiges Verfahren mit dem Nachlass von Bestseller-Autoren, beklagt die Literaturkritikerin Sigrid Löffler. The Fall of Gondolin was the battle between the forces of Gondolin under King Turgon and Morgoth, after Maeglin had betrayed the city's hidden location to the enemy. This battle took the lives of most of the Gondolindrim, and of Turgon and his captains. However, some few managed to escape the city through a secret passage, notably Tuor, Idril, and their son Eärendil. Contents
HistoryThe seeds of Gondolin's fall were set some decades after Nírnaeth Arnoediad, the fifth battle of the War of the Jewels. During this battle, which had been a decisive victory for Morgoth, the greatest human warrior of the age, Húrin, had been captured by Gothmog, the High Captain of Angband. With the Union of Maedhros destroyed, and the power of the Ñoldor broken, the destruction of Gondolin would essentially complete Morgoth's triumph. It was the last of the great Ñoldor kingdoms, and it's king Turgon was now High King of the Ñoldor after Fingon's death. However, Morgoth did not know the city's location. Húrin had spent several years in Gondolin, and Morgoth had been aware of this even before his capture. As such, he subjected Húrin in Angband to horrific torment in an effort to learn where the city was. Húrin withstood the torment and laughed in the Dark Lord's face, refusing to give him any information. As punishment, Morgoth cursed his family and placed an enchantment upon Húrin which enabled him to see all the misfortunes that the curse brought upon his family. After decades of this torture, and after his family was all but dead, Morgoth released Húrin, feigning pity to an utterly defeated foe. However, his real hope was that Húrin's release would cause further grief to his foes, for Húrin too was cursed and made bitter after his long and brutal torment. Morgoth's hope was fulfilled when Húrin attempted to return to Gondolin. He made his way to the forests of the vale of Sirion and cried out to Turgon. However, Turgon took too long in debating whether or not to acknowledge Húrin and sent out his emissaries too late; by the time the Great Eagles arrived, Húrin was gone. But Morgoth's spies had been following Húrin, and thus the region of Gondolin's location was revealed to him. He drastically increased his patrols and spies in Sirion, hoping to either find the city itself or capture another who did. Several years later, Turgon's nephew Maeglin, against his King's orders, decided to scour the land outside the Encircling Mountains for metal deposits. During his search he was captured by the servants of Morgoth and brought before the Dark Lord. Morgoth threatened Maeglin with unimaginable torment if he did not divulge the secret of Gondolin's location. Though Maeglin was no craven, the torment with which he was threatened cowed him and he betrayed all he knew about the city. Morgoth was delighted by Maeglin's betrayal, and to fully secure his loyalty, Morgoth promised him both the rule of the city and the hand of his cousin Idril. Maeglin had desired the King's beautiful daughter for years, but they were considered to be too close in kinship for any sort of romantic relationship, and furthermore Idril was disgusted by Maeglin's lust. He had become exceedingly bitter when she was wed to Tuor, a mortal man held in high esteem by the King. This promise secured Maeglin's eager fealty, and Morgoth sent him back to Gondolin to aid the attack from within when the time came. Morgoth waited many years to initiate his assault, planning the attack with the utmost diligence. The information passed by Maeglin had furnished Morgoth with knowledge of Gondolin's weaknesses, and his armies crept over the Encircling Mountains at the point where the watch was least vigilant and during a time of festival in the city. As such, they were able to position themselves all about the walls of Gondolin without being detected, and by the time the Elves became aware of them, they were beleaguered without hope. For many days the Elves of Gondolin held their ranks and the city. The battles that raged beneath its walls were bloody and terrible - courageous leaders and warriors, most predominantly Ecthelion and Tuor, became legends, and later songs and epic poems would be written about them. Swords such as Orcrist and Glamdring earned their reputations here, and became feared among Orcs. However, Morgoth's armies were far too numerous and powerful for the Elves to overcome, as they were comprised not only of Orcs and other mundane Dark creatures, but of Balrogs and an entire brood of dragons fathered by Glaurung. Furthermore the information provided by Maeglin had furnished Morgoth with the means to plan a perfect siege. Turgon, High King of the Ñoldor, fell defending the citadel of the city. Ecthelion of the Fountain fought a duel with Gothmog, the High Captain of Angband, in the Square of the Palace near the Fountain of the King. At last, Gothmog deprived Ecthelion of his sword and prepared to finish him, but the Lord of the Fountains charged the High Captain of Angband and impaled him with the spike atop his helm. Gothmog lost his balance and fell with Ecthelion into the fountain, where both of them drowned. With the battle having gone against them, Tuor and Idril gathered as many of the people as they could find and attempted to escape the city through a secret passageway in the mountains. But they were confronted by Maeglin, who attempted to steal away Idril. Tuor fought him and cast him down from the walls of Gondolin, and he fell to his death. The group also encountered a Balrog in the high passes, but Glorfindel fought it, and these two also fell to their death. Despite the defenders' effort, the city was overrun and sacked. Morgoth's victory over his foes was now utterly complete, and the last of the great Elven kingdoms in exile was no more. AccountsThe Fall of Gondolin is the third of the Great Tales, but was the first written by Tolkien; and is the second most complete of the tales (after "The Children of Húrin"). The sources for this major First Age event are the chapters "The Fall of Gondolin" of The Book of Lost Tales Part Two[1] and "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin" in The Silmarillion, which both tell of the founding of Gondolin, the arrival Tuor of the Edain, the betrayal of the city to Morgoth by Turgon's nephew Maeglin, and its subsequent destruction by Morgoth's armies.[2] Tolkien wrote also an unpublished poem: "The Lay of the Fall of Gondolin".[3] These different accounts were compiled into Christopher Tolkien's work The Fall of Gondolin, published by HarperCollins in 2018. The account of the Fall given in The Book of Lost Tales gives the most depth of all accounts, telling in detail of Tuor's and Ecthelion's feats in battle, for example, and giving names of each captain of the Houses of the Gondolindrim. A partial new version of "The Fall of Gondolin" was published in the Unfinished Tales under the title "Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin". Actually titled "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin", this narrative shows a great expansion of the earlier tale. It can be surmised from this text that Tolkien would have rewritten the entire story, but for reasons that are not known he abandoned the text before Tuor actually arrives in the city. For this reason Christopher Tolkien retitled the story before including it in Unfinished Tales. Real-world references'Fall of Gondolin' is one of very few instances in the Legendarium, when Tolkien makes references to real world events, comparing the fall of the city to tragic story of real ancient cities such as Rome, Troy or Babylon.[1] It was probably due to early period of the tale, as he avoided such references in his later writings. BackgroundJ.R.R. Tolkien began writing the story that would become "The Fall of Gondolin" in 1917, in an army barracks on the back of a sheet of military marching music. It is the first substantive, traceable story he ever physically wrote about the Middle-earth legendarium. Because Tolkien was constantly revising his First Age stories, the narrative he wrote in 1917 (published posthumously in The Book of Lost Tales Part Two) remains the only full account of the Fall. The narrative in The Silmarillion was the result of the editing by his son Christopher of various different sources. TranslationsForeign LanguageTranslated nameAfrikaansVal van GondolinAlbanianBie e GondolinAmharicውድቀት ጞንዶሊን ?Arabicسقوط جوندولينBasqueGondolin JaitsieraBelarusian Cyrillicпадзенне ГондолинаBengaliপতনের গন্ডোলিনBosnianPad GondolinBulgarian CyrillicПадането на ГондолинCatalanCaiguda de GondolinCantonese贡多林的陷落CebuanoPagkapukan sa GondolinChinese (Simplified)冈多林的陷落CorsicanCaduta di GondolinCroatianPad GondolinaCzechPád GondolinuDanishGondolins faldDutchVal van GondolinEsperantoFalita de GondolinEstonianGondolini langemineFilipinoPagbagsak ng GondolinFinnishGondolinin tuhoFrenchChute de GondolinFrisianFal fan GondolinGeorgianშემოდგომაზე ღონდოლინGermanDer Fall von GondolinGreekπτώση της ΓκόντολινGujaratiફોલ ઓફ ગોન્ડોલીનHaiti CreoleTonbe nan GondolinHawaiiHina o GondolinHebrewנפילתה של גונדוליןHungarianGondolin BukásaHmongZeeg ntawm GondolinIcelandicDetta af GondolinIgboọdịda nke GondolinIndonesianJatuhnya GondolinItalianCaduta di GondolinIrish GaelicTitim de GondolinJapaneseゴンドリンの陥落JavaneseTiba saka GondolinKannadaಫಾಲ್ ಆ ಗೊಂಡೋಲಿನ್Kazakhқұлдырауы Гондолін (Cyrillic) Quldırawı Gondolin (Latin)Korean곤돌린의 몰락KurdishKetina ji Gondolin (Kurmanji Kurdish)Kyrgyz Cyrillicкулашы оф ГондолинLatinRuina GondolinLatvianKrišana GondolinLithuanianRudenį GondolinLuxembourgishStuerz vun GondolinMalagasyNianjeran'i GondolinMalayKejatuhan GondolinMalteseWaqgħa tal GondolinMaoriHinga o GondolinNavajoJootłish GondolinNepaleseपतन ङोन्दोलिनNorwegianGondolins fallPersianسقوطگوندولینPolishUpadek GondolinuPortugueseQueda de GondolinQuerétaro OtomiCaída ar GondolinRomanianCăderea GondolinRussianПадение ГондолинаScottish GaelicTuiteam de GondolinSerbianПад Гондолина (Cyrillic) Pad Gondolina (Latin)Sinhaleseෆල්ල් ඔෆ් ගොඳොලින්SlovakPád GondolinuSlovenianPadec GondolinSomaliDhici ee GondolinSpanishCaída de GondolinSudaneseRagrag tina GondolinSwahiliKuanguka kwa GondolinSwedishGondolins fallTajik Cyrillicтирамоҳи оф ГондолинTamilவீழ்ச்சி கொந்தொலிந்Teluguఫాల్ అఫ్ గొండోలిన్Thaiการล่มสลายของกอนโดลินTurkishGondolin'in yıkımıTurkmenGondolin Ýykylmak ?Ukrainian Cyrillicпадіння ГондолінаUzbekФалл оф Гондолин (Cyrillic) Gondolin'de qulashi (Latin)VietnameseSụp đổ của GondolinVolapükFalön GondolinWelshCwymp GondolinXhosaUkuwa GondolinYiddishפאַלן פון גאָנדאָליןYorubaIsubu ti GondolinYucatec MayaCaída u Gondolin References
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Von Tuor und dem Fall von Gondolin J.R.R. Tolkien
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