When performing the PA oblique projection Rao position how many degrees should the patient be rotated?

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1. Science
2. Medicine
3. Radiology

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Terms in this set (165)

found in each lobe

segment

where vessels enter a lung

hilum

superior portion of a lung

apex

inferior border of thoracic cavity

diaphragm

major airway tube

trachea

number of lobes in the right lung

three

side of lung where vessels enter

medial

double walled serous membrane sac

pleura

respiratory sacs

alveoli

anterior bony wall of the mediastinum

sternum

area between the lungs

mediastinum

mediastinal organ

heart

mediastinal blood vessel

aorta

major section of a lung

lobe

this lung has two lobes

left

inferior part of the lung

base

pertaining to the chest cavity

thoracic

these branch from the trachea

bronchi

separates a lung into lobes

fissure

which cavity contains the heart and lungs?
a) thoracic
b) abdominal
c) medistinum

a

which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
a) liver
b) heart
c) trachea
d) diaphragm

d

which part of the thoracic cavity contains all thoracic organs except the lungs and pleurae?
a) mediastinum
b) pleural cavity
c) abdominal cavity

a

which bony structure forms the anterior border of the mediastinum?
a) sternum
b) scapulae
c) thoracic vertebral column

a

what mediastinal structure consists of C-shaped cartilaginous rings?
a) trachea
b) diaphragm
c) esophagus

a

what area of the trachea divides into two lesser tubes?
a) carina
b) larynx
c) pharynx

a

which structures branch from the distal end of the trachea?
a) tertiary bronchi
b) primary bronchi
c) secondary bronchi

b

which primary broncus is shorter and wider than the other?
a) left
b) right
c) inferior
d) superior

b

what thoracic structures are the organs of respiration?
a) lungs
b) bronchi
c) bronchiole

a

what is the name of the medial aspect of each lung in which the primary bronchus enters?
a) apex
b) hilum
c) pleural space

b

what is the name of the superior portion of each lung?
a) base
b) apex
c) hilum

b

which structures are at the terminal end of the respiratory system?
a) alveoli
b) bronchi
c) bronchioles

a

how many lobes are found in the right lung? the left lung?

right lung has 3 lobes
left lung has 2 lobes

which lung (right or left) is shorter and broader than the other? explain why

right lung
its close proximity to the liver and heart

name the three portions of the pleura:
inner layer: _____
outer layer: _____
space between layers: _____

inner: visceral pleura
outer: parietal pleura
space between layers: pleural cavity

a collapse of all or part of a lung

atelectasis

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

pleural effusion

underaeration of the lungs caused by a lack of surfactant

hyaline membrane (respiratory syndrome)

chronic infection of the lung caused by the tubercle bacillus

tuberculosis

replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli

pulmonary edema

pneumonia involving the bronchi and scattered distress through out the lung

lobular (bronchopneumonia)

condition of unknown origin often associated with pulmonary fribrosis

sarcoidosis

accumulation of air in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung

pneumothorax

pneumonia involving the alveoli of an antire lobe without involving the bronchi

lobar (bacterial pneumonia)

destructive and obstructive airway changes leading to an increased volume of air in the lungs

emphysema

PA Projection:
size of collimated field:

14x17

PA Projection:
key patient/part positioning points:

upright facing vertical grid

PA Projection:
anatomic landmarks and relation to IR:

MSP perpendicular (T)
MCP parallel (=)

PA Projection:
CR orientation and entrance point:

perpendicular (T)
enters MSP at level T7
(inferior scapular angle)

Lateral Projection:
size of collimated field:

14x17

Lateral Projection:
key patient/part positioning points:

upright left lateral position

Lateral Projection:
anatomic landmarks and relation to IR:

MCP perpendicular (T)
MSP parallel (=)

Lateral Projection:
CR orientation and entrance point:

Perpendicular (T)
enters MCP at level T7
inferior scapular angle

PA Projection:
what is the recommended source to image receptor distance (SID)? explain why

at least 72 inches
to reduce magnification of thoracic structures

PA Projection:
why is it preferable to have patient upright?

to allow the diaphragm to reach its lowest level and to prevent engorgement of the pulmonary vessels

PA Projection:
which body plane should be perpendicular (T) and centered to the midline of the IR?

midsagittal

PA Projection:
how should the patients hand be positioned? explain why

rest the backs of the hands low on the hips below the costophrenic angles; this maneuver rotates the scapulae laterally so that they do not superimpose the lungs

PA Projection:
with reference to the patient where should the upper border of the IR/collimated field be placed?
a) at the level of the clavicles
b) at the level of the acromion processes
c) about 1 1/2 to 2 inches above the top of the shoulders

c

PA Projection:
what is the purpose of depressing the shoulders?
a) to move the scapulae laterally
b) to keep the clavicles below the apices
c) to place the midsagittal plane in a vertical position

b

PA Projection:
why should the shoulders be rotated forward?
a) to keep the clavicles below the apices
b) to place the diaphragm at its lowest point
c) to move the scapulae laterally away from the lung fields

c

PA Projection:
what special positioning instructions may be given to a woman with large pendulous breasts to avoid superimposing the lower part of the lung fields?
a) instruct the patient to cross both arms above the head
b) instruct the patient to pull her breasts upward and laterally
c) instruct the patient to press her breasts directly in front of her against the vertical IR holder

b

PA Projection:
if a patient were to remove one shoulder from contact with the grid device before the exposure the image effect would be:
a) the clavivles would appear above the apices
b) the sternum would superimpose the vertebral column
c) the sternoclavicular joints would appear symmetrical
d) the sternal ends of the clavicles would no longer be equidistant from the vertebral column

d

what breathing instructions would be given to the patient? explain why

take in a breath and blow it out then take in another full breath and hold it in. (suspend respiration after second full inspiration) the greatest are of lung structures is demonstrated in full expansion and without strain after the patient suspends breathing on a second inspiration

list two reasons why exposures can be made after both inspiration and expiration:

- demonstrate pneumothorax
- check for a foreign body

to demonstrate the heart, why should the exposure be made after normal inspiration rather than deep inspiration?

to prevent distortion (elongation) of the heart caused by a full inferior movement of the diaphragm

how many posterior ribs should be demonstrated above the diaphragm with proper full inspiration?

10

from the following list circle the eight evaluation criteria that indicate a patient was properly positioned for a PA projection:
a) the trachea should be visible in the midline
b) the heart and diaphragm should show sharp outlines
c) the clavicles should be located superior to the apices
d) ten posterior ribs should be seen above the diaphragm
e) the scapulae should be projected outside the lung fields
f) the exposure should clearly demonstrate the lung fields
g) the ribs should be superimposed posterior to the vertebral column
h) the hilum should be seen in the approximate center of the image
i) the entire lung fields from the apices to the costophrenic angles should be seen
j) no rotation; the sternal ends of the clavicles should be equidistant from the vertebral column
k) the clavicles should be lying horizontal with their sternal ends overlapping the first or second ribs
l) a faint shadow of the ribs and superior thoracic vertebrae should be seen through the heart shadow

a b d e f i j l

Lateral Projection:
which thoracic structures are of primary interest with the left lateral projection?
a) heart and left lung
b) heart and right lung
c) trachea and diaphragm
d) trachea and esophagus

a

Lateral Projection:
which thoracic structure is of primary interest with the right lateral projection?
a) heart
b) trachea
c) left lung
d) right lung

d

Lateral Projection:
what body plane should be perpendicular (T) and centered to the midline of the IR?

midcoronal

Lateral Projection:
describe how the patient's arms should be positioned

extend the arms directly upward flex the elbows and with the forearms resting on the elbows hold the arms in this position

Lateral Projection:
what purpose might an IV stand serve when the patient is positioned?

a patient who is unsteady may use the IV stand for support

Lateral Projection:
what breathing instructions should be given to the patient?

suspend respiration after full inspiration of the second breath

T/F a lateral projection image of the chest should be viewed so that the side of the patient where the central ray entered is nearer the viewer.

T

T/F the patient's heart will appear larger in the right lateral projection image than in the left lateral projection image.

T

from the following list, circle the nine evaluation criteria that indicate the patient was properly positioned for a lteral projection:
a) the heart and diaphragm should be seen in sharp outline
b) the sternum should be seen in lateral view without rotation
c) penetration of lung fields and heart should be clearly seen
d) the ribs should be superimposed posterior to the vertebral column
e) neither the arm nor its soft tissues overlap the superior lung field
f) the hilum should be seen in the approximate center of the image
g) the sternal ends of clavicles should be superimposed with the vertebral column
h) the sternal ends of clavicles should be seen equidistant from the vertebral column
i) the thoracic intervertebral spaces should be open (except in patients with scoliosis)
j) the costophrenic angles and lower apices of lungs should be clearly demonstrated
k) a small amount of the heart should be seen on the right side of the vertebral column
l) the long axis of lung fields should be demonstrated in the vertical position without forward-backward leaning

a b c d e f i j l

(PA Oblique Projections)
which side (the one closer to or farther from the IR) is generally the side of interest?

the one farther from the IR

which side of the chest (right or left) is of primary interest with the PA Oblique projection, RAO position?

left

(PA Oblique Projections)
with reference to the patient where should the upper border of the IR be placed?

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens

when performing the PA oblique projection, RAO position, how many degrees should the patient be rotated?

45 degrees

what determines how many degrees the patient should be rotated for the PA oblique projection, LAO position?

the desired structures to be demonstrated (more rotation when the heart is of primary interest)

when performing the PA oblique projection, LAO position, to demonstrate lungs, how many degrees should the patient be rotated?

45 degrees

when performing the PA oblique projection, LAO position, to demonstrate the heart and great vessels, how many degrees should the patient be rotated?

55 to 60 degrees

(PA Oblique Projections)
with reference to the patient respiration, when should the exposure be made?

after the second full inspiration

(PA Oblique Projections)
to what level of the patient should the central ray be directed?

T7

which Pa oblique projection provides the best view of the left atrium and the entire left branch of the bronchial tree?

right PA oblique projection
RAO position

T/F when viewing the PA oblique chest images, the patient's left side should be toward the viewer's right side

T

T/F when viewing PA oblique chest images (LAO position) the left lung should be partially superimposed by the spine

T

T/F the heart and mediastinal structures should be clearly demonstrated within the lung field of the elevated side in oblique images of 45 degrees of body rotation

T

(AP Oblique Projections)
which side (the one closer to or the father from the IR) is generally the side of interest?

the one closer to the IR

which AP oblique image (RPO position or LPO position) demonstrates the maximum area of the left lung?

LPO position

(AP Oblique Projections)
what is the minimum recommended SID?

72 inches

which AP oblique projection produces an image very similar to that produced by the PA oblique projection, ROA position?
a) AP oblique projection, LPO position
b) AP oblique projection, RPO position

a

how many degrees should the patient be rotated?
a) 25 degrees
b) 35 degrees
c) 45 degrees
d) 55 degrees

c

(AP Oblique Projections)
how far above the top of the shoulders should the upper border of the IR be placed?

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens or about 5 inches above the jugular notch

(AP Oblique Projections)
what breathing instructions should be given to the patient?

stop breathing after the second full inspiration

(AP Oblique Projections)
to what level of the patient should the central ray be directed?

3 inches below the jugular notch

(AP Projection)
what is the recommended SID?

72 inches or 60 inches depending on equipment limitations

(AP Projection)
what body plane should be centered to the midline of the IR?

midsagittal plane

(AP Projection)
with reference to the patient where should the IR be placed?

the upper border of the IR should be 1 1/2 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders

(AP Projection)
if the patients condition permits, how should the arms and shoulders be positioned? explain why

with elbows flexed, pronate the hands and place them on the hips to draw the spacuplae laterally

(AP Projection)
what breathing instructions should be given to the patient?

stop breathing after the second full inspiration

(AP Projection)
why should the patient perform the recommended breathing instructions

to ensure the maximum expansion of the lungs

(AP Projection)
to what level of the patient should the central ray be directed?

3 inches below jugular notch

describe how the heart and great vessels appear in the AP projection image compared with how they appear in the PA projection image

appear magnified

describe how the lungs appear in the AP projection image compared with how they appear in the PA projection image

lung fields appear shorter

describe how the clavicles appear in the AP projection image compared with how they appear in the PA projection image

clavicles are projected higher

describe how the ribs appear in the AP projection image compared with how they appear in the PA projection image

the ribs assume a more horizontal appearance

from the following list circle the six evaluation criteria that indicate the patient was properly positioned for an AP projection
a) the trachea should be seen in the midline
b) the sternum should be lateral without rotation
c) the ribs should be superimposed posterior to the vertebral column
d) the hilum should be seen in the approximate center of the image
e) the lung fields should be seen from the apices to the cosophrenic angles
f) the sternal ends of the clavicles should be equidistant from the vertebral column
g) a faint image of the ribs and thoracic vertebrae should be seen through the heart shadow
h) the clavicles will lie more horizontal and will obscure more of the apices than in PA projections
i) the distance from the vertebral column to the lateral border of the ribs should be equidistant on both sides
j) approximately twice as much distance should be seen between the vertebral column and the outer margin of the ribs on the dependent side compared with the remote side
k) pulmonary vascular markings should be visible from the hilar regions to the periphery of the lungs

a e f g h i k

(AP Axial Projection Lordotic Position)
which portion of the lung is generally the area of primary interest?
a) base
b) apex
c) hilum

b

(AP Axial Projection Lordotic Position)
describe how the patient should be positioned

with the patient standing and facing the xray tube instruct the patient to move about 1 foot in front of the vertical grid device and lean backward, placing the upper back in contact with the grid device. the elbows should be flexed and the posterior surface of the hands should be on the hips to rotate the shoulders forward better

(AP Axial Projection Lordotic Position)
what breathing instructions should be given to the patient?

stop breathing after the second full inspiration

(AP Axial Projection Lordotic Position)
where should the central ray enter the patient?

on the midsagittal plane on the midsternum

from the following list circle the five evaluation criteria that indicate that the patient was properly positioned for an AP axial projection (lordotic position)
a) the clavicles should lie superior to the apices
b) the sternum should be lateral without rotation
c) the apices and lungs should be included in their entirety
d) the ribs should be superimposed posterior to the vertebral column
e) approximately 2 inches of lung apex should be seen above the clavicles
f) the sternal ends of the clavicles should be equidistant from the vertebral column
g) the ribs should appear distorted with their anterior and posterior portions somewhat superimposed
h) the clavicles should be lying horizontal with their sternal ends overlapping only the first or second ribs

a c f g h

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
AP/PA (R or L lateral decubitus)
size of collimated field:

14x17

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
AP/PA (R or L lateral decubitus)
key patient/part positioning points:

recumbent left or right lateral with thorax as close to IR as possible

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
AP/PA (R or L lateral decubitus)
anatomic landmarks and relation to IR:

MCP perpendicular (T) to table/cart
MSP parallel (=) to table/cart

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
AP/PA (R or L lateral decubitus)
CR orientation and entrance point:

horizontal and enters perpendicular (T) to MSP and IR at level of T7

what is the general purpose for using a lateral decubitus position?

to demonstrate air or fluid levels in the thorax

T/F the patient can be positioned upright in a lateral decubitus position.

F
the patient must be positioned lateral recumbent

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
T/F the IR must be placed vertically against the patient

T

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
T/F the central ray must be directed horizontally

T

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
T/F the affected side should be up to demonstrate a fluid level

F
to demonstrate a fluid level place the affected side down)

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
T/F both sides should be seen in their entirety

F
only the affected side needs to be entirely seen

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
to demonstrate fluid in the right thorax, the patient must be positioned in a:
a) left lateral decubitus
b) right lateral decubitus

b

which side of the thorax (right or left) best demonstrates free air when the patient is in the left lateral decubitus postition?

right

to demonstrate free air in the thorax with a lateral decubitus position, why is it preferable to position the patient with the affected side up instead of with the affected side down?

to enable free air within the thorax to rise and be visualized better against the lateral border of the ribs instead of overlying the vertebral column (if the affected side were down)

to demonstrate a fluid level in the thorax with a lateral decubitus position, why is it preferable to position the patient with the affected side down instead of with the affected side up?

to enable the fluid to gravitate and be visualized better against the lateral border of the ribs instead of overlying the vertebral column (if the affected side were up)

(Lateral Decubitus Positions)
what breathing instructions should be given to the patient?

stop breathing after the second full inspiration

AP projection, right lateral decubitus position
this position should be used to demonstrate an air level in the _____ side of the thorax.

left

AP projection, right lateral decubitus position
this position should be used to demonstrate a fluid level in the _____ side of the thorax.

right

from the following list circle the five evaluation criteria that indicate a patient is properly positioned for a lateral decubitus position projection
a) the apices should be included
b) the clavicles should lie superior to the apices
c) the affected side should be included in its entirety
d) the patient should not be rotated from a true frontal position
e) the patients arms should be removed from the field of interest
f) the ribs should be superimposed posterior to the vertebral column
g) proper identification should be visible to indicate that the decubitus position was used
h) the clavicles should be lying horizontal with their sternal ends overlapping only the first or second ribs

a c d e g

for the dorsal decubitus position projection the patient must be placed in the _____ position.

supine

for the ventral decubitus position projection the patient must be placed in the _____ position.

prone

(Ventral and Dorsal Decubitus Positions)
in addition to being perpendicular to the IR the central ray must also be directed _____.

horizontally

(Ventral and Dorsal Decubitus Positions)
how much should the thorax be elevated?

2 to 3 inches

(Ventral and Dorsal Decubitus Positions)
how long should a patient remain in position? why?

5 minutes
to allow fluid to settle and air to rise

(Ventral and Dorsal Decubitus Positions)
describe how the patients arms should be positioned

extend the arms well above the head

(Ventral and Dorsal Decubitus Positions)
with reference to the patient how and where should the IR/collimated field be placed?

vertically with the top of the IR/collimated field at the level of the thyroid cartilage

(Ventral and Dorsal Decubitus Positions)
concerning respiration when should the exposure be made?

after the second full inspiration

(Ventral and Dorsal Decubitus Positions)
where should the central ray enter the patient?

on the midcoronal plane, approximately 3 to 4 inches distal to the jugular notch for the dorsal decubitus and at T7 for the ventral decubitus

from the following list circle the four evaluation criteria that indicate the patient was properly positioned for the dorsal decubitus or ventral decubitus position
a) the arms should not obscure the upper lung field
b) the thorax should not be rotated from a true lateral position
c) the sternal ends of the clavicles should be equidistant from the vertebral column
d) a small amount of the heart should be seen on the right side of the vertebral column
e) proper identification should be visible to indicate that the decubitus position was used
f) the entire lung fields, including the anterior and posterior surfaces should be demonstrated
g) the distance from the vertebral column to the lateral border of the ribs should be equidistant on both sides
h) T7 should be in the center of the IR

a b e f h

what is the name of the area between the two pleural cavities?
a) hilum
b) mediastinum
c) pleural space
d) thoracic cavity

b

which structure is not demonstrated within the mediastinum in PA projections of the chest?
a) heart
b) trachea
c) diaphragm
d) esophagus

c

which pathologic condition of the lung involves the replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli?
a) atelectasis
b) tuberculosis
c) pneumothorax
d) pulmonary edema

d

why should chest images be performed with a 72 inch SID?
a) to blur involuntary heart motion
b) to minimize magnification of the heart
c) to maximize magnification of the heart
d) to project the clavicles above the apices

b

why should chest images be performed after the patient has suspended respiration after the second inspiration?
a) to blur rib markings
b) to expand the lungs better
c) to demonstrate a collapsed lung
d) to calm the heart and reduce cardiac motion

b

with reference to the IR how are the midsagittal plane and the midcoronal plane positioned for the PA projection of the chest?
a) midsagittal: parallel; midcoronal: parallel
b) midsagittal: parallel; midcoronal: perpendicular
c) midsagittal: perpendicular; midcoronal: parallel
d) midsagittal: perpendicular; midcoronal: perpendicular

c

for the PA projection of the chest which positioning maneuver should be performed for the best removal of the scapulae from the lung fields?
a) place the hands on the hips
b) rotate the shoulders forward
c) cross both arms over the head
d) place the hands behind the back

b

why would the chest most likely be demonstrated using two PA projections (in which the patient is seen in suspended inspiration and suspended expiration)?
a) to demonstrate pneumathorax
b) to evaluate the heart and great vessels
c) to measure the width of the medistinum
d) to demonstrate movement of the diaphragm

a

which of the following is an effective way to detect rotation of the patient with the PA projection image of the chest?
a) the number of ribs demonstrated above the diaphragm
b) the asymmetrical appearance of the sternoclavicular joints
c) the amount of apical area demonstrated above the clavicles
d) the appearance of the lateral border of the scaupulae outside the lung fields

b

for which projection of the chest should the midsagittal plane be parallel with the IR?
a) PA projection
b) lateral projection
c) AP projection, left lateral decubitus position
d) AP axial projection, lordotic position (lindbolm method)

b

with reference to the IR how are the midcoronal plane and the midsagittal plane positioned for the lateral projection of the chest?
a) midcoronal: parallel; midsagittal: parallel
b) midcoronal: parallel; midsagittal: perpendicular
c) midcoronal: perpendicular; midsagittal: parallel
d) midcoronal: perpendicular; midsagittal: perpendicular

c

which projection of the chest best demonstrates lung apices free from superimpostion with the clavicles?
a) PA projection
b) left lateral projection
c) AP projection, left lateral decubitus position
d) AP axial projection, lordotic position (lindbolm method)

d

which PA oblique projection of the chest may be used to evaluate the heart and great vessels when performing a cardiac series?
a) 45 degree RAO
b) 45 degree LAO
c) 55 to 60 degree LAO
d) 10 to 20 degree RAO and LAO

c

how many degrees should the patient be rotated for PA oblique projections of the chest to evaluate the lungs?
a) RAO: 45 degrees; LAO: 45 degrees
b) RAO: 45 degrees; LAO: 55 to 60 degrees
c) RAO: 55 to 60 degrees; LAO: 45 degrees
d) RAO: 55 to 60 degrees; LAO: 55 to 60 degrees

a

using a lateral decubitus position for patients who are unable to stand upright best demonstrates which of the following pathologic conditions of the chest?
a) rib fractures
b) cardiomegaly
c) collapsed lung
d) air or fluid levels

d

with reference to the IR how are the midsagittal plane and the midcoronal plane positioned for the AP chest, left lateral decubitus position?
a) midsagittal: parallel; midcoronal: parallel
b) midsagittal: parallel; midcoronal: perpendicular
c) midsagittal: perpendicular; midcoronal: parallell
d) midsagittal: perpendicular; midcoronal: perpendicular

c

which pathological condition of the lungs is best demonstrated with the AP chest left lateral decubitus position?
a) free air in both sides of the chest
b) fluid levels in both sides of the chest
c) free air in left side or fluid levels in right side
d) fluid levels in left side or free air in right side

d

Which radiographic position requires the patient placed supine with the IR placed vertically against the patients right side and a horizontal central ray directed to the center of the IR?
a) Ventral decubitus
b) Dorsal decubitus
c) Right Lateral decubitus
d) Left lateral decubitus

b

Which radiographic position requires that the patient be placed prone?
a) Left lateral decubitus
b) Right lateral decubitus
c) Dorsal decubitus
d) Ventral decubitus

d

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA projection image of the chest?
a) the ribs should appear distorted.
b) the sternum should be lateral,, not rotated.
c) ten posterior ribs should be visible above the diaphragm
d) the ribs posterior to the vertebral column should be superimposed.

c

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA projection image of the chest?
a) the ribs should appear distorted
b) the clavicles should lie superior to the apices.
c) the scapulae should be projected outside the lung fields
d) the ribs posterior to the vertebral column should be superimposed.

c

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection image of the chest?
a) a small amount of the heart should be seen on the right side.
b) the ribs posterior to the vertebral column should be superimposed
c) a faint shadow of the superior thoracic vertebrae should be seen through the heart shadow.
d) the distance from the vertebral column to the lateral border of the ribs should be equidistant on both sides.

b

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the AP axial projections, lordotic position image of the chest?
a) the ribs should appear distorted
b) the clavicles should lie below the apices.
c) the sternum should be lateral, not rotated
d) the thoracic intervertebral disk spaces should be open

a

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the AP axial projection, lordotic position image of the chest?
a) the clavicles should lie superior to the apices.
b) the thoracic intervertebral disk spaces should be open.
c) the ribs posterior to the vertebral column should be superimposed.
d) there should be 2 inches of lung apices visible above the clavicles.

a

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QUESTION

Why is the RAO sternum preferred to the LAO position?

15 answers

QUESTION

What is the CR for the AP T spine?

15 answers

What determines how many degrees the patient should be rotated for the PA oblique projection Rao position?

How many degrees should the patient be rotated for PA oblique projections of the chest to evaluate the lungs?

How many degrees should the patient be rotated from the prone position?

What is the proper patient position for the PA oblique projection of the sternum?