Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used for two specific and separate diseases: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Nutritional recommendations are different for each disease and for each individual patient. It is important to discuss the treatments that are right for you with a registered dietitian and with your doctor. Show
Disease Definitions
FAQ: Dietary Management of IBDInformation regarding dietary treatments for IBD is often confusing. Many people receive information telling them to avoid entire food groups or specific foods. However, there is no need to avoid foods unless they worsen your symptoms. It is best to restrict as few foods as possible to increase the chances that you are getting a balanced, nutritious diet. This is important for maintaining the function of your digestive tract and your overall health. Can diet control IBD?No specific diet has been shown to prevent or treat IBD. However, some diet strategies help control symptoms. See information below for diet strategies that may be appropriate for you. How can I identify problem foods?Keeping a record of foods eaten and then taking note of when symptoms worsen may help you identify patterns that indicate problem foods. Continue reading What are dietary strategies for managing symptoms and when are they appropriate?There are different approaches to diet during flares and in the absence of flares. Regardless of disease, do not overly restrict your diet. Adequate nutrition during illness is important. See below for specific recommendations. Diet Recommendations for Ulcerative Colitis Flare
Diet Recommendations for Crohn's Disease Flare
Diet Progression Following Flares for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
Suggestions for first foods after a flare include:
FAQ: Treatments and Nutritional Side EffectsDo any medications have nutritional side effects?Moderate to severe flares of IBD are often treated with corticosteroids (prednisone), cholestyramine and 5-ASA compounds (sulfasalazine). These medications have nutritional side effects that should be addressed. If you use any of these medications, talk to your doctor or registered dietitian for treatment advice.
Can surgery affect nutritional status?Some patients need surgery for severe inflammation, strictures, fistulas and abscesses. In Crohn's disease, the affected portion of the digestive tract is removed. In ulcerative colitis, the colon is often removed and the ileum (bottom of the small intestine) may be attached to the anus. Removal of portions of the intestine can affect nutritional status. When sections of the small or large intestine are removed, surface area for absorption of nutrients is decreased. The following diagram illustrates where nutrients are absorbed. If certain portions of the intestine are severely inflamed, or have been removed, absorption of nutrients may be affected. Malnutrition and nutrient deficiencies can result. If you have had or are planning to have surgery to remove intestines, talk to your doctor or registered dietitian about which vitamins and minerals you need to take. What side effects of IBD can cause malnutrition?There are several reasons why people with IBD may be at risk for malnutrition. The following list includes some side effects that contribute to malnutrition.
Are nutritional needs different for people with IBD? What are the specific nutritional needs for people with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?Nutritional needs are specific to the individual and differ with disease state, body size and age. A nutritionist can help you estimate your individual needs. Calorie and protein needs are similar for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In both diseases, needs increase during inflammation and immediately after to restore losses. The following are general statements about nutritional needs that may apply to you.
What can I do for periods of poor appetite and weight loss to prevent malnutrition?At times, there are very few foods that are tolerated well. During these times it is important to eat high calorie foods in tolerable amounts as frequently as possible. During times when solid foods cause irritation or you have a poor appetite, liquid oral supplementation may help provide nutrition. The following list includes liquid supplements for Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis. Liquid Supplements for Crohn's Disease
Liquid Supplements for Ulcerative Colitis Because people with ulcerative colitis do not have malabsorption concerns, a supplement that contains partially broken down protein is not usually needed. Standard supplements are fine but are more easily tolerated if they are isotonic or low concentration, which helps prevent diarrhea. Some formulas that may be helpful include Modulen IBD or Enlive (see above). Nutrient Deficiencies and TreatmentUlcerative ColitisPeople with ulcerative colitis may have increased needs for the following nutrients. Deficiencies depend on medications used and the extent of blood loss and diarrhea. Consult your doctor or nutritionist if you have concerns about deficiencies. Correct with supplements and nutrient-rich foods.
Crohn's DiseasePeople with Crohn's disease may be at increased risk for deficiencies of the following nutrients. A variety of factors affect risk for nutrient deficiency including medications used, portions of the digestive tract removed, degree of inflammation and the patient's ability to take adequate nutrition. Consult your doctor or nutritionist if you have concerns about deficiencies. Nutrient deficiencies are treated with supplements and nutrient-rich foods.
What is the best diet for ulcerative colitis?Low-residue diet. white bread.. refined (non-wholegrain) breakfast cereals, such as cornflakes.. white rice, refined (low-fibre) pasta and noodles.. cooked vegetables (but not the peel, seeds or stalks). lean meat and fish.. Does diet matter for ulcerative colitis?The Best Diet for Ulcerative Colitis? Most experts say that people with UC should simply try to eat a well-balanced diet whenever possible. This should include a variety of foods: Lean meat, fish, and poultry.
What foods to avoid if you have ulcerative colitis?The Worst Foods For Those With Ulcerative Colitis. Watch Out For Fiber. Whole grain cereals and breads are difficult to digest and lead to flare ups if you have UC. ... . Nuts And Seeds. These foods are difficult to digest and aggravate the symptoms. ... . Dairy. ... . Unhealthy Fats. ... . Caffeine. ... . Alcohol. ... . Certain Vegetables. ... . Spicy Foods.. What kind of diet should a client with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's eat?Diet Recommendations for Crohn's Disease Flare
Follow a low residue diet to relieve abdominal pain and diarrhea. If you have strictures, it is especially important to avoid nuts, seeds, beans and kernels. Avoid foods that may increase stool output such as fresh fruits and vegetables, prunes and caffeinated beverages.
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